トンネル交差点のショットノイズを使用した一次電子温度計
Lafe Spietz1, K W Lehnert, I Siddiqi
1Department of Applied Physics, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. lafe.spietz@yale.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 21, 2003
まとめ
トンネルの交差点から発生する電気的騒音を利用して,新しい一次温度計を開発しました. この自己校正センサーは,冷凍アプリケーションに理想的な,正確で正確な温度測定を提供します.
科学分野:
- 凝縮物質物理学 凝縮物質物理学
- メトロロジー・メトロロジー
- 熱力学は熱力学である.
背景:
- 正確な温度測定は,科学研究と技術応用において,特に冷凍温度において極めて重要です.
- 伝統的な温度計の方法は複雑であり,頻繁に校正する必要があります.
- ジョンソンノイズ温度計は確立された技術ですが,時間がかかります.
研究 の 目的:
- トンネルの交差点における電気的ノイズに基づく新しい一次温度計を導入する.
- この新しい温度計アプローチの実現性と性能を実証するために.
- 低温アプリケーションの既存の方法と比較して,その潜在的な利点を探求する.
主な方法:
- トンネルの交差点で発生する電気的騒音を利用した.
- 相対的な騒音測定を介して,交差点の電圧に関連する温度.
- 基本定数 (電子電荷,ボルツマンの定数) とフェルミ・ディラク統計を用いた.
主要な成果:
- 温度における4つの大きさのオーダーで実証された概念証明の操作.
- 高精度 (0.1%) と高精度 (0.02%) を 1 ケルビン近くで達成しました.
- センサーは自己校正しており,測定を簡素化しています.
結論:
- トンネル・ジャンクション・ノイズ・サーモメーターは,有効なプライマリ・サーモメーターです.
- その自己校正性により,従来の方法と比較して,より速く,よりシンプルな測定が可能になります.
- この技術は,計測学や,冷凍システムにおける一般的な使用に有望である.
関連する概念動画
01:13Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature
Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
01:14Temperature Measurement Sites
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
01:14Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane
Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
01:14Assessing Body Temperature - Oral
Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
01:06Echo
The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...
01:30Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments
Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short distances...