民間人における紛争関連死亡率の重要性
Debarati Guha-Sapir1, Willem Gijsbert van Panhuis
1World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), School of Public Health, Catholic University of Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium. sapir@epid.ucl.ac.be
Lancet (London, England)
|June 27, 2003
まとめ
内戦は,特に幼児の死亡率を大幅に増加させます. 紛争の強度ではなく,既存の社会的脆弱性が,高い民間人死亡率を誘発し,国際援助が不十分であったことを示している.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- 紛争研究 紛争研究
- デモグラフィー デモグラフィー 人口統計
背景:
- 市民紛争は,世界的な健康に深刻な影響を及ぼし,大規模な国際人道支援を必要とします.
- 民間人の死亡率は,紛争による健康上の影響を評価する主な指標である.
- 紛争中およびその後の死亡リスクを理解することは,効果的な援助と政策にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 紛争地域における死亡率の推定:スーダン,ソマリア,コンゴ民主共和国,アフガニスタン.
- 紛争前期と比較して,紛争中および紛争後の死亡の相対的なリスクを計算する.
- 紛争地域における高い民間人死亡率に影響を与える要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- 紛争および紛争前期における死亡率データの比較分析.
- 一般の人々と5歳未満の子供に対する死亡の相対リスク (RR) の計算.
- コンゴ民主共和国カタレを含む特定の紛争地帯の評価.
主要な成果:
- コンゴ民主共和国のカタレは,紛争中に死亡する相対的なリスクが最も高かった.
- 一般の人々と5歳未満の子供の両方に対して,リスクが高まっていることが観察されました.
- 死亡率は,平時と比較して,紛争期間中に著しく高かった.
結論:
- 紛争中の民間人の高い死亡率は,以前に存在していた人口の脆弱性と強く結びついている.
- 紛争の強度だけでは,高い死亡率を完全に説明することはできません.
- 紛争前の不十分な国際開発援助は,多くの場合,高い民間人死亡率の先駆けとなります.
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