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Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Determining the Role of Maternally-Expressed Genes in Early Development with Maternal Crispants
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カーペルと卵巣の発達中のMADS-box遺伝子の冗長性を評価する

Anusak Pinyopich1, Gary S Ditta, Beth Savidge

  • 1Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA.

Nature
|July 4, 2003
PubMed
まとめ

SHATTERPROOF遺伝子は,AGAMOUS遺伝子とは独立してカーペルの発達を駆動する. SEEDSTICK遺伝子は種子の分散に不可欠であり,すべての4つの遺伝子は植物における卵巣のアイデンティティを指定します.

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The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

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In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
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In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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