ニューヨーク市周辺の木の成長に対する都市化の影響

Jillian W Gregg¹, Clive G Jones, Todd E Dawson

¹Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. jwg1@cornell.edu

Nature

|July 11, 2003

まとめ

都市部の植物は,他の都市部の要因ではなく,オゾン (O3) 曝露が低いため,より多く成長します. 農村でのオゾン濃度の上昇は,非都市部での増加を大幅に減らし,O3を強調した.

科学分野:

環境科学環境科学
エコロジーエコロジーエコロジー
植物生物学植物生物学

背景:

都市生態系には,汚染物質,高温,CO2,窒素堆積など,環境条件が変化した植物が存在する.
これらの組み合わせた要因が植物の成長に与える純影響と,主な要因は不明である.

研究の目的:

都市環境と農村環境におけるコットンウッドの成長を促進する主要な要因を決定する.
大気汚染物質を含む環境変数の役割が,異なる植物生長に及ぼす影響を調査する.

主な方法:

都市部と田舎のフィールドサイトでコットンウッドクローンの比較研究.
土壌移植,栄養予算,制御室実験,複数の回帰分析を用いた.
温度,CO2,窒素堆積,大気汚染物質 (O3,NO,x),および微気候変数を含む様々な環境パラメータを測定しました.

主要な成果:

都市部のコットンウッドのバイオマスは,農村部のコットンウッドのバイオマスの2倍でした.
土壌,気温,CO2,栄養素の堆積,都市空気の汚染物質などの要因は,成長の違いを説明できませんでした.
農村部での環境オゾン (O3) のレベルが上昇すると,農村部での植物の成長が著しく抑制されることが判明しました.
都市部では,農村,農業,森林地帯と比較して,NO (((x)) のスキャビングにより,累積的なO3の露出量が低いことが観察されました.

結論:

オゾン (O3) 曝露は,他の環境変化のなかでも,植物の成長を制限する最も重要な要因です.
都市部では,周辺地域と比較して,O3の曝露が減少した"足跡"を示しています.
都市の汚染物質の排出は,主にO3形成のダイナミクスを通して,都市の中心を超えて悪影響を及ぼします.

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