3万年の水熱活動が失われた街の換気場にある
Gretchen L Früh-Green1, Deborah S Kelley, Stefano M Bernasconi
1Department of Earth Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zürich (ETH-Z), CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. gretli@erdw.ethz.ch
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 26, 2003
まとめ
ロスト・シティの水熱活動は,蛇形化によって引き起こされ,3万年以上続いている. この地質学的プロセスは,海水がペリドート岩と相互作用することで,潜在的に何百万年もの間,このようなシステムを維持することができます.
科学分野:
- 地質化学 地質化学
- 地質学 地質学 地質学
- 海洋学 海洋学とは
背景:
- ロストシティ水熱場はオフアックスシステムです.
- 蛇形化は,海水とペリドート岩の反応を伴う重要な地質学的プロセスです.
研究 の 目的:
- ロスト・シティの熱水活動期間と速度を記録する.
- 長期的な熱水システムを維持するメカニズムを理解する.
主な方法:
- ストロンチウム,炭素,酸素の同位体分析.
- 放射性炭素年代測定法 放射性炭素年代測定法
主要な成果:
- 少なくとも3万年もの間,水熱活動があった証拠があります.
- 蛇形化率は年間1.2×10−4立方キロメートルと推定されている.
- 決定的な要因を特定した:海水によるペリドート岩へのアクセス,断層,膨張,質量損失.
結論:
- 蛇形化は,ロスト・シティの水熱活動の長期的原動力である.
- これらのシステムは,数十万年から数百万年持続することができます.
- この発見は,ゆっくりと超ゆっくりと広がる環境における類似のシステムを理解するために重要である.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
01:43Thermosensation
Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
01:14Temperature Measurement Sites
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
01:21Isothermal Processes
A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
01:27Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving
San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55 °C.
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55 °C.
01:19Thermal Strain
Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
01:22Thermal Insulation in Masonry Walls
In hot, dry climates, the thermal mass of masonry walls can be beneficial, absorbing heat during the day and releasing it at night, thereby stabilizing indoor temperatures. However, in most other climates, additional insulation is necessary to enhance thermal resistance.
External insulation can be applied using an Exterior Insulation and Finish System (EIFS), which involves affixing panels of plastic foam to the wall and covering them with a polymeric stucco reinforced with glass fiber mesh.
External insulation can be applied using an Exterior Insulation and Finish System (EIFS), which involves affixing panels of plastic foam to the wall and covering them with a polymeric stucco reinforced with glass fiber mesh.