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複数の主要な危険因子を減らすことによる世界的なおよび地域的な潜在的健康上の利益の推定
Majid Ezzati1, Stephen Vander Hoorn, Anthony Rodgers
1Risk, Resources, and Environmental Management Division, Resources for the Future, Washington, DC, USA. mezzati@hsph.harvard.edu <mezzati@hsph.harvard.edu>
Lancet (London, England)
|August 2, 2003
まとめ
世界的に主要な危険因子に対処することで,健康的な寿命を大幅に高めることができます. 同時に介入すれば,深刻な病気の負担を防ぐことができ,世界中の健康格差を減らすことができます.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 予防医学は,予防的な医療です.
背景:
- 複数の危険因子による疾患負担の推定は,併用予防戦略の評価において極めて重要です.
- 世界規模での調査では,複数のリスク要因が病気の負担に与える影響を定量化している研究はほとんどありません.
研究 の 目的:
- 世界規模で複数の主要な危険因子を排除することによって得られる潜在的な健康上の利益を推定する.
- 世界の異なる地域における主要な危険因子の共同効果に起因する疾患負担を定量化する.
主な方法:
- 14の世界的な流行病学サブリージョンで20の主要な危険因子に関連した病気と怪我の負担を評価しました.
- リスク因子の有病率と危険性データを用いて推定された人口帰属分数 (PAFs),媒介的リスクを考慮する.
- 様々な疾患に対する年齢と性別による複数の危険因子に対する関節PAFの計算.
主要な成果:
- 2000年,考慮されたリスク要因の共同効果は,早死の約47%と,世界全体の疾病負担の39%を占めた.
- これらのリスクは,下痢 (92%-94%),不全性心臓病 (83%-89%),脳卒中 (70%-76%) を含む主要な疾患のかなりの割合に関連していました.
- これらのリスクを排除すれば,世界の健康的な寿命が9.3年 (17%),地域によって異なるが,増加する可能性がある.
結論:
- 主要なリスク要因の除去は,世界的な疾病予防と健康上の利益のための実質的な可能性を秘めています.
- 主要なリスクに対する同時介入によって,すべての地域で健康的な寿命が延びることができます.
- これらのリスクに対処することで,世界のさまざまな地域間の健康格差を減らすことができます.
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