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Solid-phase Synthesis of [4.4] Spirocyclic Oximes
Published on: February 6, 2019
タンデム2コンポーネントエステル化によるサイクルエーサーのステレオセレクティブ構築:ビスムートトリブロミドの役割の解明
P Andrew Evans1, Jian Cui, Santosh J Gharpure
1Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA. paevans@indiana.edu
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 18, 2003
まとめ
この研究は,多くの医薬品の重要な成分であるテトラヒドロピランを合成するための新しい方法を紹介しています. 触媒的アプローチは,複雑な循環エーテルを構築するためのステレオ選択的経路を提供し,薬剤発見の努力を強化します.
科学分野:
- 有機化学 オーガニック・ケミストリー
- 薬用化学 薬用化学について
- 合成化学 合成化学とは
背景:
- 周期性エーテル,特にC-グリコシド誘導体は,薬理学的に重要な天然および合成化合物において一般的です.
- 置換テトラヒドロピランの立体選択合成は,有機化学における重要な課題である.
研究 の 目的:
- シス-およびトランス-2,6-ディ-および三置換テトラヒドロピランを構成するためのステレオダイバージェンスの方法の開発.
- ビスムートトリブロミドを含む触媒メカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- デルタ-トリアルキルシリロキシアルデヒドおよびケトンの分子内エーテル化.
- 触媒的なビスムートトリブロミドとトライアキルシリルヌクレオフィルの利用.
- 水解産物 (HBr,BiOBr) の触媒における役割を調査する.
主要な成果:
- cis-およびtrans-2,6-非置換および三置換テトラヒドロピランの合成に成功しました.
- 隣接する三次エーテルを構成する際に高いステレオ選択性を示した.
- 非隣接のテトラヒドロピラン合成のための連続的なクロスカップリングと還元性エーテル化を開発しました.
結論:
- ビスムートトリブロミドは,ステレオセレクティブのテトラヒドロピラン合成のための触媒として,おそらく水解産物を通じて作用します.
- 開発されたプロトコルは,貴重なサイクルエーテル・スカファードへの効率的な経路を提供します.
- この方法は,潜在的医薬品の応用を持つ複雑な分子の合成を容易にする.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
E2 Reaction: Stereochemistry and Regiochemistry
Elimination reactions of alkyl halides can yield one or more alkenes depending on the specific regiochemical and stereochemical considerations. While the regiochemistry of the reaction governs the location of the double bond in the product, the stereochemical requirements often influence the geometry.
When a substrate with two different β hydrogens undergoes an E2 elimination, the presence of a strong base can yield two regioisomeric alkenes. The more-substituted alkene is the major product and...
When a substrate with two different β hydrogens undergoes an E2 elimination, the presence of a strong base can yield two regioisomeric alkenes. The more-substituted alkene is the major product and...
Halogenation of Alkenes
Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes
In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration
A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn stereochemistry.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn stereochemistry.
Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Cyclic Products: Stereochemistry
The Diels–Alder reaction is one of the robust methods for synthesizing unsaturated six-membered rings. The reaction involves a concerted cyclic movement of six π electrons: four π electrons from the diene and two π electrons from the dienophile.
Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Bridged Bicyclic Products: Stereochemistry
Diels–Alder reactions between cyclic dienes locked in an s-cis configuration and dienophiles yield bridged bicyclic products.

