武力紛争における弾丸による破壊の評価

R M Coupland¹, V Hoikka, O G Sjoeklint

¹International Committee of the Red Cross, Medical Division, Geneva, Switzerland.

Lancet (London, England)

|January 4, 1992

まとめ

新しい方法は,弾丸による傷口の破壊を客観的に評価し,国際人道法に違反する弾薬を特定します. この技術は,金属の断片を検出するX線写真を使用し,1899年のハーグ宣言の支持に寄与しています.

科学分野:

法医学病理学の病理学
弾道学は弾道学である.
国際人道法国際人道法

背景:

1899年のハーグ宣言は,小銃の弾薬が体内に破片を積むことを禁止している.
現在,銃弾による破壊を評価する方法は主観的であり,法執行を妨げています.
武力紛争における禁止弾薬の使用を特定するための客観的な基準が必要である.

研究の目的:

弾丸の衝撃後の破壊を評価するための客観的な方法を開発し,検証する.
銃弾による破壊を,傷の重症度とX線写真の発見と相関させるため.
ハーグ宣言の違反を立証するためのツールを提供すること.

主な方法:

国際赤十字委員会 (ICRC) の病院で治療を受けた1201人の患者の1287件の傷のX線写真のレビュー.
赤十字の傷口分類のF (骨折) とM (金属体) 変数を用いたスコアリングX線写真.
放射線写真に金属の破片があることから,弾丸による破壊を特定する.

主要な成果:

弾丸による破壊は,X線写真に金属の断片の存在によって確実に示されました.
打ちのめされた弾丸によって引き起こされた傷は,断片骨折と有意に関連していました.
ある病院では,乱射された銃弾で負傷した患者の割合が不釣り合いに高いことが示された.

結論:

金属の断片の放射性証拠は,弾丸の破壊と傷の重度の信頼できる指標です.
開発された方法は,弾丸による破壊の客観的な評価を可能にし,国際人道法に違反する弾薬の特定に役立ちます.
この研究は,禁止された弾丸の種類を特定することを可能にすることで,ハーグ宣言の維持に不可欠なツールを提供します.

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