母乳とそれ以降の知能指数は,早産児で生まれた子どもで
Lancet (London, England)
|February 1, 1992
まとめ
早期の栄養は神経発達に影響する. 胎児の母乳摂取は,社会経済的要因を考慮した後でも,幼少期の後の高い知能指数 (IQ) 値と関連しています.
科学分野:
- 神経発達科学 神経発達科学とは
- 小児の栄養について
- 人間の牛乳の研究
背景:
- 早期の栄養が神経発達に与える長期的な影響については,論争がある.
- 以前の研究では,母乳が18ヶ月で早産児の発達スコアを向上させることが示されていました.
研究 の 目的:
- 幼児の栄養,特に母乳の摂取が早産児の神経発達に及ぼす長期的な影響を調査する.
- 母乳が学齢期の知能指数 (IQ) に与える影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 子どものためのウェシュラー知能スケール (改訂英語化) を使用して,IQは7.5~8歳の300人の早産児で評価されました.
- データ分析には,母乳の効果を隔離するために,母子の教育と社会階級の調整が含まれていました.
主要な成果:
- 幼児期に母乳を摂取した子どもは,母乳を摂取しなかった子どもと比較して,7.5~8歳でIQスコアが著しく高かった.
- 平均IQの優位度は8.3ポイント (標準偏差の半分以上) であり,統計的調整後も維持された.
- この利点は,母乳の授乳そのものよりも,母乳の授乳方法 (チューブ・フィーディング) と関連しており,投与量-反応関係が認められた.
結論:
- 母乳の早期摂取,特にチューブ栄養による摂取は,早産児の神経発達とIQに長期的な有益な効果を示しています.
- 育児や遺伝などの混同要因を完全に排除することはできませんが,研究結果は母乳の神経保護作用を強く示唆しています.
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