発展途上国におけるタバコによる死亡率:国家生命統計から得られた間接的な推定
1Imperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 2, 1992
まとめ
喫煙は,先進国において毎年何百万もの早期死亡を引き起こし,予防可能な死亡の主な原因となっています. この傾向は増加し,人口の20%以上に影響を及ぼすと予測されています.
科学分野:
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- タバコの禁煙対策について
背景:
- 長期喫煙は死亡率の主な原因であり,肺がん以外の死亡にも寄与しています.
- タバコ関連の死亡率を推定することは,公衆衛生の介入にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 1965年から1995年までの先進国におけるタバコによる年間死亡者数を推定する.
- 1990年代,先進国におけるタバコによる早期死亡の割合を評価する.
主な方法:
- 喫煙による様々な病気による死因の代理として,年齢・性別の肺がん率を活用した.
- 喫煙による非肺がん疾患による過剰死亡率について,保守的な見積もり (大規模な見通し調査の半分) を適用した.
- 1975年と1985年の全国死亡率データを抽出して1995年の推定値を計算した.
主要な成果:
- 先進国の年間タバコ関連死亡者は,1965年の090万人から1995年には210万人へと増加した.
- 1990年代には,35歳から69歳までの年齢層における死因の30%がタバコによるものと考えられ,早期死亡の最大の原因となった.
- 先進国の現在の人口の20%以上が,タバコによって死亡すると予想されています.
結論:
- タバコの使用は,先進国の早期死亡の主な原因であり,増加しています.
- 特に若年層の死亡の大部分は,禁煙によって予防可能である.
- 現在の喫煙パターンは,たばこ関連の死亡による将来の重大な負担を示しています.
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