赤血球輸血は,暖かいタイプの自己免疫性血液溶解性貧血で用いられる
A Salama1, H Berghöfer, C Mueller-Eckhardt
1Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 19, 1992
まとめ
輸血は,熱型自己免疫性血清性貧血 (AIHA) の患者にとって安全である可能性があります. この研究では,他の患者と比較して,輸血を受けたAIHA患者において,アロ免疫化および血液溶解のリスクが低いことが判明しました.
科学分野:
- 血液学 ヘマトロジ
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 輸血医学とは
背景:
- 熱型の自己免疫性血清性貧血 (AIHA) は,血溶とアル免疫化の増加に関する懸念のために,しばしば輸血の禁忌とみなされます.
- 既存の臨床実務ガイドラインは,一般的に,AIHA患者の輸血を勧めません.
- AIHAにおける輸血療法の安全性と有効性は,依然として議論の対象となっている.
研究 の 目的:
- 熱型AIHA患者の輸血の結果を遡って分析する.
- AIHA患者におけるアロ免疫と輸血による不良血解性反応の発生率を評価する.
- AIHA患者における輸血リスクと,他の複数の輸血を受けた患者グループにおける輸血リスクを比較する.
主な方法:
- 79人の多重輸血患者 (74人の成人,5人の子供) のデータを遡及的に分析した結果,検出可能な温かい自己抗体と貧血を報告した.
- 患者は輸血後の6ヶ月から12年間追跡調査された.
- 評価には,アルイムニゼーションのモニタリングと,血液溶解活動の変化が含まれていました.
主要な成果:
- 補償されていないAIHAのために輸血を受けた53人のAIHA患者のうち,輸血関連のアルイムニゼーションまたは血液溶解の有意な増加は発生しませんでした.
- これは,輸血された赤血球が自己抗体により血清学的に不適合であった場合でも当てはまる.
- 他の理由で輸血を受けたAIHAのない26人の患者のうち,23人がアロ抗体および/または自己抗体を発症しました.
結論:
- この発見は,熱型のAIHAでは,輸血は本質的に危険であるという従来の見解に異議を唱える.
- アロ免疫化および有害な血解性輸血反応の発生率は,他の多輸血集団よりもAIHA患者で低いようです.
- 輸血療法は,選択されたAIHA患者における貧血の管理に有効な選択肢である可能性があります.
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