2000年の喫煙による世界の死亡率の推定値
1Department of Population and International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. mezzati@hsph.harvard.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|September 19, 2003
まとめ
喫煙は2000年に世界中で約500万人の早期死亡を引き起こし,開発途上国が大きな負担に直面しています. 喫煙を食い止めるために,緊急の介入が必要である.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 公共衛生政策 公共衛生政策
背景:
- 喫煙は世界的な健康リスクであり,開発途上国では増加しています.
- 喫煙による死亡率の規模を理解することは,公衆衛生計画において極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 2000年における喫煙による世界のおよび地域の死亡率を推定する.
- これらの死亡率推定に関連する不確実性を分析する.
主な方法:
- 累積された喫煙リスクの間接的な指標として,肺がんによる死亡率を活用した.
- 家庭での石炭の使用と換気を考慮して,喫煙しない人の肺がんによる死亡率の推定.
- 確立されたコホート研究からの相対的なリスクを適用し,混同要因と地域抽出で調整しました.
主要な成果:
- 2000年,世界中で推定4830万人の早死が喫煙と関連していた.
- 死亡率は,開発途上国 (2,410万) と工業化国 (2,430万) にほぼ均等に分けられた.
- 心血管疾患,慢性閉塞性肺疾患,肺がんは,喫煙による死亡の主な原因でした.
結論:
- 喫煙は2000年の世界死亡率の主要な要因でした.
- 効果的な介入がなければ,喫煙による健康損失は,特に開発途上国では増加すると予測されています.
- 開発途上国における男性の喫煙率を削減し,女性の喫煙率の上昇を防ぐために,標的を絞った政策が不可欠です.
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