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関連する概念動画

Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

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When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance,...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
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Carrier Transport01:21

Carrier Transport

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The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
Drift Current:
The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:
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High-resolution Thermal Micro-imaging Using Europium Chelate Luminescent Coatings
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高T (c) 超伝導体における量子批判的振る舞い

D van der Marel1, H J A Molegraaf, J Zaanen

  • 1Materials Science Centre, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands. dirk.vandermarel@physics.unige.ch

Nature
|September 19, 2003
PubMed
まとめ

絶対零点における物質の状態である量子批判性は,スケール不変の性質を示している. この研究は,高温超伝導体における普遍的な振る舞いを明らかにし,従来とは異なる量子相転換を示唆している.

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科学分野:

  • 凝縮物質物理学 凝縮物質物理学
  • 量子材料科学とは,量子材料科学である.

背景:

  • 量子批判性は,無限の相互作用する量子自由度を持つシステムをゼロ温度で記述し,スケール不変性を示します.
  • 強く相関する電子系は,量子相変遷を経験し,普遍的な力法則の行動を持つ予測された量子的臨界状態につながる可能性があります.
  • 候補物質は重フェルミオン系と高移行温度 (高Tc) の銅酸化物の中に存在するが,これらの移行の性質については議論が続いている.

研究 の 目的:

  • 材料における量子的臨界領域の特徴である普遍的な行動を調べる.
  • 高T (c) 超伝導体が非常識な量子相変化を示すかどうかを判断する.
  • これらの材料における量子的臨界状態の存在を支持または反証する実験的証拠を提供すること.

主な方法:

  • 高T (c) 超伝導体における相角の実験的測定.
  • 測定された相角と光学伝導率の指数との関係を分析する.
  • 実験結果と量子的重要な現象の理論的予測を比較する.

主要な成果:

  • 量子的臨界領域に特有の普遍的な行動が観察されました.
  • 実験的に測定された相角は,光伝導率の指数と正確に一致します.
  • この合意は,高T (c) 超伝導体における量子相変異の有力な証拠を提供する.

結論:

  • この発見は,高T (c) 超伝導体における量子的臨界領域の存在を示している.
  • 観測された普遍的な振る舞いは,従来とは異なるタイプの量子相転換を示唆しています.
  • この研究は,強く相関する電子系と高T (c) 超伝導性の複雑な物理学の理解に貢献します.