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多様な捕食者-獲物のシステムにおける捕食のパターン
A R E Sinclair1, Simon Mduma, Justin S Brashares
1Centre for Biodiversity Research, 6270 University Boulevard, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada. sinclair@zoology.ubc.ca
Nature
|September 19, 2003
まとめ
動物群の捕食者と資源の制限は,種の多様性や獲物の体サイズによって引き起こされる. セルレンゲティでは,小さな類動物は多くの捕食者に直面し,大きな類動物は食料の制限を経験し,生物多様性を示しています.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 野生生物生物学 野生生物生物学
- 陸上の生態系 地球上の生態系
背景:
- 陸上の生態系において,捕食または資源の制限が優位であるかどうかを決定する要因は,十分に理解されていない.
- 動物の個体数は,捕食者と利用可能な資源によって著しく影響を受けます.
研究 の 目的:
- 多様な哺乳類のコミュニティにおける死因を制御する要因を調査する.
- 草食動物集団の形成における捕食と資源の制限の相互作用を決定する.
主な方法:
- セレンゲティの哺乳類コミュニティからの40年間のデータの分析.
- 捕食者と獲物の種多様性の検討.
- 捕食者と他の捕食種に比べて,獲物の体積の評価.
主要な成果:
- 種の多様性と相対的な獲物の体長は,死因の主要な決定因子である.
- 小型類は,機会的狩猟により,より高い捕食率を経験しています.
- 体重の限界値 (約. 150kg) は,捕食の圧力を受けている種と,食料の制限を経験している種を区別します.
結論:
- 生物多様性により,草食動物集団のトップダウン (捕食者) とボトムアップ (資源) のコントロールが同時に可能になる.
- 発見は,多様な捕食者-獲物のシステムのための一般化可能なモデルを示唆しています.
- これらのダイナミクスを理解することは,野生生物と生態系の効果的な管理に不可欠です.
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