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Bioavailability: Overview01:13

Bioavailability: Overview

Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an unaltered drug that, after administration, enters the systemic circulation and can be distributed to the desired action site. Factors such as gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and liver biotransformation influence the bioavailability of a drug when it is administered orally. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the systemic circulation directly; by definition, its bioavailability is assumed to be 100%. The bioavailability of an...
Therapeutic Index01:13

Therapeutic Index

The therapeutic index of a drug is a key parameter in pharmacology that quantifies the relative safety of a drug by calculating the ratio between the dose that causes toxicity in half the population (50%) to the dose that proves to be effective for half the population (50%). It provides a spectrum of doses for a particular drug ranging from effective to potentially toxic. To illustrate, consider an anticoagulant agent like warfarin. It possesses a narrow window within its therapeutic index to...
Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Biological01:19

Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Biological

Biological factors significantly impact drug metabolism, influencing drug clearance, efficacy, and potential toxicity.
Species differences: Variations in enzyme systems across species can cause disparities in drug metabolism. For instance, humans may metabolize certain drugs faster than rodents, altering therapeutic effects.
Strain differences: Genetic variations within a species can result in differing enzyme activity, impacting drug response and toxicity. For example, some mouse strains may...
Bioavailability: Overview01:17

Bioavailability: Overview

Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation in its active, unaltered form. It is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that determines the effectiveness of a drug in achieving its intended therapeutic outcomes. The route of administration significantly influences bioavailability, with intravenous administration achieving 100% bioavailability as the drug directly enters the bloodstream. In contrast, oral administration often results in...
Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity01:25

Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity

Bioactivation is a metabolic process that transforms less reactive substances into highly reactive metabolites, initiating tissue toxicity. This transformation can lead to various toxic effects, including carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Reactive metabolites are classified into two main types: electrophiles and free radicals.Electrophiles are electron-deficient species and are produced primarily by the enzyme cytochrome P-450 during the metabolism of compounds containing carbon, nitrogen, or...

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Real-time Analyses of Retinol Transport by the Membrane Receptor of Plasma Retinol Binding Protein
14:32

Real-time Analyses of Retinol Transport by the Membrane Receptor of Plasma Retinol Binding Protein

Published on: January 28, 2013

1-α-トコフェリルアセテート: 生物学的活性

H WEISER, G BRUBACHER, O WISS

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |April 5, 1963
    PubMed
    まとめ
    この要約は機械生成です。

    dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetateは,d-alpha-tocopheryl acetateの42%の生物学的活性を示しており,既定の効能比を確認しています. フィトールとイソフィトール由来のdl-α-トコフェリルアセテート製剤は,血液溶解試験で同等の有効性を示した.

    キーワード:
    ビタミンE について

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    Quantitative Analysis of Dietary Vitamin A Metabolites in Murine Ocular and Non-Ocular Tissues Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
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    Quantitative Analysis of Dietary Vitamin A Metabolites in Murine Ocular and Non-Ocular Tissues Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

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    Quantitative Analysis of Dietary Vitamin A Metabolites in Murine Ocular and Non-Ocular Tissues Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

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    科学分野:

    • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
    • 栄養科学とは,栄養科学である.
    • 薬理学 薬理学とは

    背景:

    • ビタミンEのイソマー,特にトコフェリルアセテートは,さまざまな生物学的活性を持っています.
    • 異なるビタミンE形態の相対的な効能を理解することは,栄養学的および治療的応用において極めて重要です.
    • ネズミの血液溶解検査は,ビタミンEの活性性を評価するための標準的な測定法です.

    研究 の 目的:

    • d-α-トコフェリルアセテートと比較してl-α-トコフェリルアセテートの生物学的活性を定量化するために.
    • これらのビタミンE形態の間の正確な効能比を確立するために.
    • 異なる前駆体から派生したdl-alpha-tocopheryl acetateの有効性を比較するために.

    主な方法:

    • ネズミの血液溶解試験を用いて,トコフェリルアセテートイソマーの生物学的活動を評価する.
    • 異なるビタミンE製剤によって誘発される血液溶解に対する保護効果を比較する.
    • 標準のd-alpha-トコフェリルアセテートに対するl-alpha-トコフェリルアセテートの活性を定量化.

    主要な成果:

    • l-α-トコフェリルアセテートは,ネズミの血液溶解試験で,d-α-トコフェリルアセテートの活性量の42%を示した.
    • d-α-トコフェリルアセテートとdl-α-トコフェリルアセテートの効力比は1.4:1.0であった.
    • フィトールとイソフィトールから合成されたdl-alpha-トコフェリルアセテートは,同等の活性を示した.

    結論:

    • 確立された効能比は,これらのビタミンE形態の現在受け入れられている生物学的比を確認しています.
    • dl-α-トコフェリルアセテート (フィトールまたはイソフィトール) の源は,この試験における生物学的活性に影響を与えない.
    • これらの発見は,ビタミンEの栄養価と治療の可能性を正確に評価することを支持しています.