CESIUM-137 IN ALASKAN ESKIMOS アラスカのエスキモ族について
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 4, 1963
まとめ
放射能のレベル,特にセシウム-137は,1962年の米国平均と比較して,アラスカの北極の村民において著しく高かった. アナクトゥヴク・パスの住民は,この放射性同位体の平均体積が最も高いことを示した.
科学分野:
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 核科学は,核科学である.
背景:
- 高い環境放射能は,潜在的な健康リスクをもたらします.
- セシウム137 (Cs-137) は,長い半減期と生物蓄積の可能性のために懸念される重要な放射性同位体です.
研究 の 目的:
- 北極圏上空に住む人々の放射能による身体負担を評価する.
- アラスカの北極の住民のセシウム137濃度を全国平均と比較するために.
主な方法:
- 放射能測定のために,移動式全身カウンターを使用しました.
- アラスカの4つの村の700人以上の個人からデータを収集しました.
- セシウム137の体積を測定することに焦点を当てています.
主要な成果:
- アラスカの北極の集団におけるセシウム137の平均体積は,米国の平均より大幅に高かった.
- アナクトゥヴク・パス内部の村は421ナノキュリーで,最も高い平均セシウム137負荷を示した.
- 最大記録されたセシウム137の負荷は,Anaktuvuk Passで790ナノキュリーに達しました.
結論:
- 北極の住民,特にアナクトゥヴク・パスのような内陸の村に住む人々は,1962年にセシウム-137の体積が著しく高かったことを経験しました.
- これらの発見は,北極地域の潜在的な環境汚染と生物蓄積経路を強調しています.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
03:18Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations
Nuclear chemistry is the study of reactions that involve changes in nuclear structure. The nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and, except for hydrogen, neutrons. The number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number (Z) of the element, and the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are isotopes of the same element.
A nuclide of an element has a specific number of protons and...
A nuclide of an element has a specific number of protons and...
03:23Types of Radioactivity
The most common types of radioactivity are α decay, β decay, γ decay, neutron emission, and electron capture.
Alpha (α) decay is the emission of an α particle from the nucleus. For example, polonium-210 undergoes α decay:
Alpha (α) decay is the emission of an α particle from the nucleus. For example, polonium-210 undergoes α decay:
03:18Nuclear Stability
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together in the...
To hold positively charged protons together in the...
02:48Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating
Radioactivity is a spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nuclide and is a random process, as all the nuclei in the sample do not decay simultaneously. The number of disintegrations per unit time is called the activity (A), which is directly proportional to the number of nuclei in the sample. The decay constant (λ) is an average probability of decay per nucleus in unit time.
03:20Nuclear Transmutation
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
01:28Isotopes and Radioisotopes
In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
An isotope containing more...
An isotope containing more...