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関連する概念動画

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Peptide Scanning-assisted Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody-recognized Linear B-cell Epitope
08:09

Peptide Scanning-assisted Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody-recognized Linear B-cell Epitope

Published on: March 24, 2017

エントロトキシン残基は,T細胞受容体Vβ結合特異性を決定する.

M J Irwin1, K R Hudson, J D Fraser

  • 1Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037.

Nature
|October 29, 1992
PubMed
まとめ

stafilococcal enterotoxinsは,MHCクラスIIに結合し,T細胞を活性化する. エンテロトキシンの2つの主要なアミノ酸残基は,特定のT細胞受容体相互作用を決定し,Vβ3とVβ11に結合するエンテロトキシンAとEを区別する.

科学分野:

  • 免疫学 免疫学とは
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 構造生物学 構造生物学とは

背景:

  • スーパランチーゲンは,スタフィロコックスの腸毒素と同様に,メジャー・ヒストコンパティビリティ・コンプレックス (MHC) クラスII分子とT細胞受容体 (TCR) との相互作用を通じてT細胞に作用します.
  • TCRベータ鎖は,この相互作用に不可欠ですが,MHCの相互作用を混乱させるため,TCR結合に責任を負う特定の腸毒素領域を正確に特定することは困難でした.

研究 の 目的:

  • 異なるT細胞受容体 (TCR) Vβ要素に差異的に結合する責任を持つスタフィロコックスの腸毒素の特定のアミノ酸残基を特定する.
  • スタフィロコックスの腸毒素AとEのT細胞活性化プロフィールの構造的基礎を明らかにする.

主な方法:

  • 溶性TCRベータ鎖タンパク質 (Vβ3およびVβ11) にスタフィロコックスの腸毒素AおよびEの結合を測定する.
  • TCR結合特異性に関与する重要な残留物をマッピングするために,ハイブリッド腸毒素の構築と分析.
  • T細胞刺激における構造-機能関係を調査するために,切断された腸毒素を用いた.

主要な成果:

  • スタフィロコックスのエンテロトキシンAはVβ3に結合し,エンテロトキシンEはVβ11に結合し,高シーケンスの同一性にもかかわらず.
  • この研究では,Vβ3およびVβ11の結合特異性を決定する重要な決定因子として,腸毒素のカルボキシ末端付近の2つの特定のアミノ酸残基を特定しました.

さらに関連する動画

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

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Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin
11:17

Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Peptide Scanning-assisted Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody-recognized Linear B-cell Epitope
08:09

Peptide Scanning-assisted Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody-recognized Linear B-cell Epitope

Published on: March 24, 2017

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin
11:17

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Published on: March 10, 2021

  • この2つの残基は,特定のTCR Vベータ鎖によってエンテロトキシンAとEの認識を区別する責任があります.

    • 結論:

    • 2つのアミノ酸残基の最小のセットは,スタフィロコックスの腸毒素AとEの異なる結合を,異なるTCR Vベータ元素に決定する.
    • この発見は,超抗原媒介型T細胞の活性化と特異性の基礎となる分子機構に関する重要な洞察を提供します.
    • これらの相互作用を理解することで,標的型免疫療法と診断の開発に役立つ可能性があります.