関連する実験動画
Updated: Jul 26, 2026

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Zinc-finger Nuclease Enhanced Gene Targeting in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Published on: August 23, 2014
祖先のステロイド受容体を復活させる:エストロゲンシグナル伝達の古代起源
Joseph W Thornton1, Eleanor Need, David Crews
1Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA. joet@uoregon.edu
まとめ
ステロイド受容体 (SRs) は古くから存在しており,双極性動物より前から存在していた. エストロゲン受容体のような祖先がAplysiaで発見され,SRはいくつかの系統で損失にもかかわらず広く存在することを示しています.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 分子内分泌学は分子内分泌学である.
- 比較ゲノミクスとは
背景:
- ステロイド受容体 (SRs) は,脊椎動物における遺伝子発現の調節に極めて重要です.
- 動物界におけるSRの進化的起源と分布は,まだ完全に理解されていない.
- 以前の研究では,SRsが無脊椎動物には存在せず,配列化されたゲノムではオートログは見つかりませんでした.
研究 の 目的:
- ステロイド受容体の深い進化史を調査する.
- 祖先のステロイド受容体を特定し,特徴づけること.
- ステロイド受容体の祖先の機能と分布を決定する.
主な方法:
- 無脊椎動物のゲノムに関するバイオ情報分析.
- Aplysia californicaからエストロゲン受容体オルトログの分離.
- 祖先のタンパク質ドメインの再構築,合成,および機能的特徴付け.
主要な成果:
- アプリシアにおけるエストロゲン受容体オートログの特定,以前の仮定に異議を唱える.
- エストロゲン受容体のような機能を持つ祖先のステロイド受容体の再構築.
- 証拠によると,SRは双方向対称性の動物が現れる前に多様化していた.
- 祖先のSR遺伝子は,節足類とネマトード系に失われた.
- アプリシア系では,SRはホルモン調節から独立した.
結論:
- ステロイド受容体は古くから広く存在しており,双方向対称性の起源より前のものです.
- 祖先のステロイド受容体は,エストロゲン受容体のような活性を持っていた.
- 遺伝子の喪失と機能的差異は,既存の動物におけるSRsの分布と役割を形作りました.
関連する概念動画
Embryonic Stem Cells
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Exon Recombination
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Reporter Genes
Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...
Commonly used reporter...
Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

