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関連する概念動画

The Citric Acid Cycle02:36

The Citric Acid Cycle

The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle, consists of several energy-generating reactions that yield one ATP molecule, three NADH molecules, one FADH2 molecule, and two CO2 molecules.
The Citric Acid Cycle: Overview01:37

The Citric Acid Cycle: Overview

In aerobic organisms, the citric acid cycle is the second stage of cellular respiration wherein molecules derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are oxidized into carbon dioxide and energy. This process is also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle as the first product of the cycle, citric acid, contains three carboxyl groups in its structure. Alternatively, this cycle is also referred to as the Krebs cycle, in honor of its discoverer Sir Hans Krebs.
The citric...
Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols: Hemiacetal Formation01:19

Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols: Hemiacetal Formation

Similar to water, alcohols can add to the carbonyl carbon of the aldehydes and ketones. The addition of one molecule of alcohol to the carbonyl compound forms the hemiacetal or half acetal. As depicted below, in a hemiacetal, the carbon is directly linked to an OH and OR group.
C–C Bond Formation: Aldol Condensation Overview01:10

C–C Bond Formation: Aldol Condensation Overview

Aldol condensation is an important route in synthetic organic chemistry used to generate a new carbon–carbon bond under basic or acidic conditions. The aldol condensation reaction presented in Figure 1 constitutes an aldol addition reaction followed by the dehydration process.
Aldol Condensation vs Claisen Condensation01:33

Aldol Condensation vs Claisen Condensation

Aldol condensation is an acid or base-catalyzed condensation between aldehydes or ketones to give an α,ꞵ-unsaturated carbonyl compound. A base-promoted condensation between ester molecules to produce a ꞵ-ketoester is known as the Claisen condensation. In the presence of a base, both reactions involve deprotonation of the acidic α hydrogen to produce the corresponding enolates. The nucleophilic enolates attack their respective nonenolized carbonyl compound forming a tetrahedral intermediate.
Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways01:29

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways

Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which provide...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Hydrolysis of a Ni-Schiff-Base Complex Using Conditions Suitable for Retention of Acid-labile Protecting Groups
06:44

Hydrolysis of a Ni-Schiff-Base Complex Using Conditions Suitable for Retention of Acid-labile Protecting Groups

Published on: April 6, 2017

バイサイクルトライアミンの合成,構成,および基本的性質

Thomas W Bell1, Heung-Jin Choi, William Harte

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0020, USA. twb@unr.edu

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 2, 2003
PubMed
まとめ

1,5,9-トリアザサイクロドデカンの環を持つ自転車型トライアミンは,水素結合によりモノプロトネーションされたとき,安定性が向上します. 短いブリッジは,NMRとコンピューティング研究によって確認されたように,この安定性を提供しません.

科学分野:

  • 有機化学 オーガニック・ケミストリー
  • 超分子化学 超分子化学
  • 物理化学 物理化学

背景:

  • 1,5,9-トリアザサイクロドデカンのリング系を組み込んだ新種のバイサイクルトライアミンの合成.
  • プロトネーション状態の調査と分子安定性への影響.

研究 の 目的:

  • 異なる橋長を持つバイサイクルのトリアミンを合成し,特徴づけること.
  • モノプロトントライアミンにおける水素結合ネットワークの安定効果を調査する.
  • 分子構成と安定性に対する水素結合のエネルギー貢献を決定する.

主な方法:

  • バイサイクルトリアミン誘導体の多段階有機合成.
  • 構造の解明のためのX線結晶学.
  • 変温 (1) H と (13) C のNMRスペクトロスコピーは,活性化自由エネルギーを測定する.
  • 計算研究 (例えば,DFT) は,水素結合と構成上の好みを分析する.

主要な成果:

  • 三炭素ブリッジ (1,5,9-triazabicyclo[7.3.3]pentadecanes) を有するトリアミンは,堅固な水素結合ネットワークにより,モノプロトン化形態 (>8 pK(a) 単位差) が著しく安定している.
  • 1または0炭素のブリッジを持つトリアミンは,モノプロトン状態では安定性が向上していない.

さらに関連する動画

Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyl(tropone)iron
07:56

Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyl(tropone)iron

Published on: August 12, 2019

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
07:36

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Published on: November 9, 2019

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Hydrolysis of a Ni-Schiff-Base Complex Using Conditions Suitable for Retention of Acid-labile Protecting Groups
06:44

Hydrolysis of a Ni-Schiff-Base Complex Using Conditions Suitable for Retention of Acid-labile Protecting Groups

Published on: April 6, 2017

Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyl(tropone)iron
07:56

Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyl(tropone)iron

Published on: August 12, 2019

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
07:36

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Published on: November 9, 2019

  • X線構造とコンピューティングデータは,特に15.HIで,水素結合ネットワークの存在と強さを確認しています.
  • NMR研究では,形状逆転の活性化自由エネルギーが決定され,二分化水素結合強度の推定値が提供されました (例えば,実験的に6.2 kcal/mol,計算的に16.HIで10.32 kcal/mol).

    • 結論:

    • バイサイクルのトリアミンにおける炭素ブリッジの長さは,分子内水素結合を通じて,そのモノプロトン化形態の安定性に重大な影響を及ぼします.
    • 三炭素ブリッジは,ブリッジヘッドの窒素を含む安定する水素結合ネットワークを効果的に作成します.
    • 計算および実験データにより,これらのシステムにおける二分化水素結合の強さと役割に関する定量的な洞察が得られる.