A型肝炎のブースターワクチン接種:必要性はあるのか?
P Van Damme1, J Banatvala, O Fay
1Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, WHO Collaborating Centre for Control and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis, Unit of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Antwerp, 2610 , Antwerp, Belgium. pierre.vandamme@ua.ac.be
Lancet (London, England)
|October 3, 2003
まとめ
A型肝炎ワクチン接種は,健康な個体では10年を超えて持続する長期的な保護を提供します. 現在の証拠によると,ブースター・ショットは,この集団の完全なプライマリワクチン接種コース後に不要であることを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 感染症 感染症は感染症です.
- ワクチン学 ワクチン学
背景:
- A型肝炎は,世界的にワクチンで予防可能な流行性の感染症です.
- 1992年以来利用可能なA型肝炎ワクチンは,長期的な免疫力を提供しているが,持続時間やブースター接種の必要性については合意が欠けている.
- ブースターワクチン接種政策は様々で,多くの場合,メーカーまたは国家当局のガイドラインに依存します.
研究 の 目的:
- A型肝炎ウイルス (HAV) ワクチンによる長期的な免疫性および保護性を検討する.
- 異なる集団における将来のHAVブースターワクチン接種の必要性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 国際専門家パネルは2002年6月に招集されました.
- HAVワクチンの長期的な免疫原性と保護に関する既存のデータをレビューした.
主要な成果:
- 予防接種後の健康な個体では,保護性抗体のレベルが10年以上持続します.
- 免疫記憶は,検出可能な抗体期間を超えた保護を提供します.
- HAVブースターワクチン接種の必要性を裏付ける証拠は,初回接種を終えた後,健康な個人にHAVブースター接種が必要であることを裏付ける証拠はありません.
結論:
- A型肝炎のブースターワクチン接種は,初回ワクチン接種を完了した健康な個体には推奨されません.
- 特定の患者グループではブースター投与を控えることができるかどうかを判断するために,さらなる研究が必要である.
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