パタゴニアの大きな白期のスフェノドンティアンは,ゴンドワナのレピドサウルスの進化の洞察を提供します
Sebastián Apesteguía1, Fernando E Novas
1Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Av. Angel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires (1405), Argentina. paleoninja@yahoo.com.ar
Nature
|October 10, 2003
まとめ
パタゴニアで発見された新しいスフェノドント類の爬虫類であるPriosphenodon avelasiは,スフェノドント類が白紀後半の生態系に豊富に存在していたことを明らかにしています. この発見は,によって彼らの置き換えが,第3期初期まで延期されたことを示唆している.
科学分野:
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
- 脊椎動物の古生物学について
- メソゾイク時代の生態系
背景:
- スフェノドンティウスの爬虫類はトライアス紀とジュラ紀に多様だったが,白亜紀によって著しく減少した.
- 稀少な早期白亜紀の化石記録は,スフェノドンティアの多様性の減少を示唆し,トカゲが生態学的後継者であると推定されている.
- 以前の理解では,スフェノドンチア類は三次期以前にほぼ絶滅したことを示していた.
研究 の 目的:
- パタゴニアの白亜紀後期から,新しいスフェノドンチア属と種であるPriosphenodon avelasiを記述する.
- クレタチウム期におけるスフェノドンチア類の生態学的役割と繁殖量を再評価する.
- スフェノドンチアがスクワメトに取って代わられた時の生態学的タイミングを調査する.
主な方法:
- 考古学的な発掘と,Priosphenodon avelasiの多数の骨格の発見.
- 化石標本の比較解剖学的分析. 化石標本の比較解剖学的分析.
- パタゴニアのカンデレロス・フォーメーションのストラティグラフィックと古生物学的な評価.
主要な成果:
- 大量のPriosphenodon avelasi,大きなスフェノドンチア (最大1メートル) が,セノマニアン-トゥーロニアン・カンデレロス・フォーメーションで発見された.
- プリオスフェノドン・アヴェラシは,化石の場所で最も豊富に存在する四足動物で,恐竜や哺乳類などの他のグループを上回っていた.
- この発見は,南米の白亜紀におけるスフェノドンチア類の衰退の概念に異議を唱えている.
結論:
- スフェノドント族は,プリオスフェノドン・アヴェラシによって代表され,クレタセア後期における南米の陸生生態系の重要な構成要素であった.
- スフェノドンチア類の生態学的継承は,スクワマテ類 (類とヘビ類) によって,以前考えられていたよりも遅れて,おそらく第3期初期に起こった可能性が高い.
- この発見は,初期の白亜紀と現代の親戚の間のスフェノドンチアの化石記録の重要なギャップを埋めるのに役立ちます.
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