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Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for...
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Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
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In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Chemical reactions require sufficient energy to cause the matter to collide with enough precision and force that old chemical bonds can be broken and new ones formed. In general, kinetic energy is the form of energy powering any type of matter in motion. Imagine a person building a brick wall. The energy it takes to lift and place one brick on top of another is the kinetic energy—the energy matter possesses because of its motion. Once the wall is in place, it stores potential energy.
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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蝙蝠の紫外線視力について

York Winter1, Jorge López, Otto Von Helversen

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Munich, Luisenstrasse 14, 80333 Munich, Germany and Max-Planck Research Centre for Ornithology, 82305 Seewiesen, Germany. winter@zi.biologie.uni-muenchen.de

Nature
|October 10, 2003
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

この研究は,花のコウモリGlossophaga soricinaが,色盲であるにもかかわらず,紫外線 (UV) 視力を持っていることを明らかにしています. このUV感受性は,哺乳類における新しいメカニズムである単一の光受容体によって媒介されます.

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科学分野:

  • 哺乳類の視力 哺乳類の視力
  • 感覚生物学 感覚生物学とは
  • 比較生理学 比較生理学について

背景:

  • ほとんどの哺乳類は二色視覚を持ち,色認識を制限しています.
  • 哺乳類の紫外線 (UV) 視力は稀であり,典型的には独特の光受容体を含む.
  • 蝙蝠は,指向のためにエコーロケーションと視覚の両方を利用します.

研究 の 目的:

  • フィロストミドの花のコウモリ,Glossophaga soricinaの視覚的能力を調査する.
  • このコウモリ種が紫外線視力を持っているかどうかを判断し,その背後にあるメカニズムを理解するために.
  • G. soricina.のスペクトル感度と色彩視力を調査する.

主な方法:

  • スペクトル感受性を評価するために,行動実験が行われました.
  • カラービジョンのテストが行われました.
  • 光受容体の機能を探査するために,色調的適応が使用されました.

主要な成果:

  • Glossophaga soricinaは510nm (緑色) と365nm (UV) 以上でピークに達するスペクトル感度を示した.
  • このコウモリは色盲で,色覚テストでは陰性でした.
  • 染色適応では,単一の光受容体が紫外線と緑色の光の両方の感受性を有することを示した.

結論:

  • 花のコウモリG. soricinaはUV視力を発揮し,310nmまでの波長を検出する.
  • 紫外線感受性は,視覚色素のβ帯によって媒介される可能性があり,これは先ほど説明されていない哺乳類のシステムにおけるメカニズムである.
  • この発見は,哺乳類の視覚的多様性と紫外線感知に関する私たちの理解を広げています.