フィンランドの子供における侵入性肺炎球菌感染症の流行病学
1Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
JAMA
|December 16, 1992
まとめ
侵襲性肺炎球菌感染症は,フィンランドの子供,特に5歳未満の子供に多く見られます. 標的型ワクチンは,これらの深刻な感染症の70%まで予防することができます.
科学分野:
- 小児の感染症について
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- ワクチン学 ワクチン学
背景:
- Streptococcus pneumoniaeは,小児における重大な侵襲性感染症を引き起こす原因となっている.
- 感染症の特徴を理解することは,効果的なワクチン接種戦略の開発に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- フィンランドにおける小児における侵襲性肺炎球菌感染症の流行病学を特徴づける.
- Streptococcus pneumoniaeワクチン接種プログラムの開発に役立つデータを提供すること.
主な方法:
- 1985年から1989年までの子供 (0~15歳) の侵入性肺炎球菌感染症の将来的な全国的な実験室ベースの監視.
- フィンランドのすべての微生物研究所と小児病棟から収集されたデータです.
- 血,脳脊髄液,または深層吸血液からStreptococcus pneumoniaeを分離することによって確認された感染症.
主要な成果:
- 452件の侵入性肺炎球菌感染症が診断されました.
- 発生率は,8.9/100,000人の子供 (16歳未満),24.2/100,000人の子供 (5歳未満),45.3/100,000人の子供 (2歳未満) でした.
- 最も一般的な臨床発表は,焦点のない細菌性病 (310),肺炎 (66),髄膜炎 (51) を含む.
- 血清型14型,6型,19型,7型,18型および23型は,感染の78%を占めた.
結論:
- ストレプトコックスの肺炎は,フィンランドの子供における侵襲性感染症の頻繁な原因である.
- 最も流行している6つの血清型を標的とした肺炎球菌結合ワクチンは,幼児期に投与した場合,潜在的に70%までの侵襲性感染症を予防することができます.
関連する概念動画
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
Atypical Pneumonia
Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Influenza
Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...


