イギリスの子どもたちの重度の視力障害と失明
1Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Department of Ophthalmology/Visual Sciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital, UK. j.rahi@ich.ucl.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|October 31, 2003
まとめ
小児期の重度の視力障害と失明 (SVI/BL) は,これまで考えられていたよりもより一般的で複雑で,多くの場合,他の健康問題と併発し,より高い死亡率を伴う. 多くの原因は,現在の知識では予防したり治療したりできません.
科学分野:
- オフタルモロジック (眼科)
- 小児科 小児科
- 公共衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- 子どもの視力障害や失明の予防は,世界の健康上の優先事項です.
- 発生率と原因に関する最新のデータの欠如は,効果的な予防戦略を妨げています.
- 幼児の失明を理解することは,資源の配分と介入計画の決定的に重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- イギリスの16歳未満の子供における重度の視力障害と失明 (SVI/BL) の発生率と原因を特定する.
- 子どものSVI/BLに寄与する危険因子および関連疾患を特定する.
- 子どもの視力障害の予防と管理のための公衆衛生戦略を参考にすること.
主な方法:
- 2000年,イギリスで16歳未満の子どもに新たに診断されたSVI/BL症例の全国的な積極的な監視を実施した.
- 年齢グループ別および累積的な罹患率の計算.
- 原因の分類は,解剖学的部位,侮辱のタイミング,および因果的要因によるもので,同時に発生する非眼科疾患に注意してください.
主要な成果:
- SVI/BLの年間発生率は,人生最初の1年で最高 (4.0/10,000),16歳までの累積発生率は5.9/10,000でした.
- 診断された子供の77%は,眼科以外の疾患をもっていた.
- 症例の61%は産前要因に起因し,75%は現在予防・治療できない疾患であった.
結論:
- 英国の小児性SVI/BLは,以前に認識されていたよりもより一般的で複雑で,しばしば非眼科障害と死亡率の増加と関連しています.
- 発生率と原因は,非眼科状態,出生体重,および民族によって異なり,人口の変化とリスク要因を反映しています.
- 多くの原因の複雑性と予防の限界は,幼児期視力喪失の予防と治療における課題を強調しています.
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