ガバナンスと生物多様性の減少
R J Smith1, R D J Muir, M J Walpole
1Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NS, UK. R.J.Smith@kent.ac.uk
Nature
|November 7, 2003
まとめ
政治的な汚職は,発展途上国の保全活動を妨げています. 治理の改善は,森林の覆いやゾウやサイなどの絶滅危惧種と相関しており,生物多様性の保護における腐敗防止戦略の必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 保護科学とは,自然保護に関する科学です.
- 生物多様性の管理について
- 統治と社会経済学
背景:
- 開発途上国は,世界の生物多様性のほとんどを占めているが,外部からの保全支援が必要である.
- これらの国の政治的汚職は,保全の効果と資金調達を妨げることができます.
- 治理と生物多様性の関係を理解することは,効果的な保全戦略を策定する上で極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 国家ガバナンススコアと生物多様性の変化との関連を調査する.
- 保護成果に対する社会経済的要因の影響を評価する.
- 腐敗した環境における保全アプローチの有効性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 森林の総面積と自然面積の変化を分析した.
- アフリカゾウと黒犀牛の集団動向を評価した.
- 国のガバナンススコアと社会経済指標と相関する生物多様性の変化.
主要な成果:
- ガバナンススコアは,森林の総面積の変化と正の相関関係があるが,自然林面積の変化とは相関関係がない.
- 治理のスコアとアフリカゾウ/黒犀の集団の変化との間に強い関連性が見られた.
- 種が豊富で,保全が優先される国々は,ガバナンススコアが低いことが多い.
結論:
- 国家のガバナンスが生物多様性の傾向,特に主要なメガファウナに大きな影響を与えます.
- 保護政策は,政治的腐敗の悪影響に対処し,軽減しなければならない.
- 国際貿易禁止などの特定の保全戦略の有効性は,統治が低い環境では制限されることがあります.
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