ワクチン接種と自己免疫疾患:証拠は?
David C Wraith1, Michel Goldman, Paul-Henri Lambert
1Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. d.c.wraith@bris.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|November 25, 2003
まとめ
感染症は,遺伝的に感受性の高い個体で自己免疫疾患を引き起こす可能性があります. このレビューでは,感染が自己免疫を誘発する方法を検討し,ワクチンの安全性への影響を議論します.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 自己免疫とは,自己免疫である.
- ワクチン学 ワクチン学
背景:
- 自己免疫疾患は,遺伝的傾向と環境的トリガーから生じる,ヨーロッパと北米の人の5%に影響します.
- 感染症は最も可能性が高い環境要因であり,微生物抗原のクロス反応性または自己抗原の強化されたプレゼンテーションを通じて潜在的に自己免疫を引き起こす可能性があります.
- 免疫系には,感染症に関連した組織損傷を制限し,自己免疫反応を抑制するメカニズムがあります.
研究 の 目的:
- 感染症が自己免疫を誘発するメカニズムを見直す.
- これらのメカニズムのワクチンによる自己免疫への影響を評価する.
- ワクチンと自己免疫疾患の関連に関する進行中の議論に取り組むために.
主な方法:
- 免疫学的メカニズムに関する文献レビュー.
- 感染症誘発の自己免疫性に関する既存のデータの分析.
- ワクチンと自己免疫疾患を関連付ける証拠の評価.
主要な成果:
- 微生物の抗原は自己抗原を模倣し,交叉反応性免疫反応を引き起こします.
- 感染症は,自己抗原の免疫システムのプレゼンテーションを非特異的に増やすことができます.
- 免疫系の調節メカニズムは,感染後の自己免疫を予防することを目的としています.
結論:
- 感染症による自己免疫性の理解は,ワクチンによる潜在的なリスクを評価する上で極めて重要です.
- 感染症はトリガーとして確立されていますが,ワクチンと自己免疫性の関連性は,慎重に科学的な評価を必要としています.
- ワクチン接種と自己免疫疾患の発症の正確な関係を明らかにするために,さらなる研究が必要である.
関連する概念動画
Vaccinations
Overview
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
Immunological Memory
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Active versus Passive Immunity
Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Vaccines
Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...


