注意欠陥多動性障害を有する子供および青少年における皮質異常

Elizabeth R Sowell¹, Paul M Thompson, Suzanne E Welcome

¹University of California at Los Angeles, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, 710 Westwood Plaza, Room 4-238, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA. esowell@loni.ucla.edu

Lancet (London, England)

|December 4, 2003

まとめ

注意欠陥多動性障害 (ADHD) は,明確な皮質異常に関連しています. この研究では,全表面の脳サイズと灰色の物質の違いをマッピングし,前頭部,頭部,頭頂部領域の重要な変化を明らかにしました.

科学分野:

神経科学は神経科学である.
発達神経科学とは
神経画像は,神経イメージングによるものです.

背景:

以前の研究では,注意欠陥多動性障害 (ADHD) の脳容量が減少しており,特に右額頭葉と尾状核が減少していることが示されています.
従来の方法は,ADHDにおける全皮質表面の領域的な脳サイズと灰色の物質の異常を完全にマッピングできていません.
この研究は,包括的な表面ベースの分析を提供することによって,このギャップを埋めています.

研究の目的:

ADHDの子供と青少年における皮質表面の領域的な脳サイズと灰色物質の異常をマッピングする.
ADHD患者の脳内の特定の解剖学的変化を特定する.
これらの発見を,注意と行動に関与する既知の神経系と相関させる.

主な方法:

高解像度磁気共鳴画像 (MRI) を利用しました.
表面ベースのコンピューティング画像分析技術を採用した.
ADHDの27人の子供と青少年と46人の年齢と性別を合わせた対照群を分析した.

主要な成果:

前頭皮質の地域的な脳のサイズが縮小され,特に双方向に下部背面前頭皮質が縮小したことが観察されました.
前側側頭葉皮質の双方向も,脳のサイズが減少したことを示した.
灰色の物質の有意な増加は,後部側頭葉皮質と下部側頭葉皮質で双方向的に発見されました.

結論:

注意力および行動制御に不可欠な皮質の領域における地域特有の解剖学的異常を特定しました.
前頭皮質,時頭皮質,頭皮質のヘテロモダルの関連皮質におけるこれらの発見は,ADHD症状の神経基盤を明らかにする可能性がある.
この研究は,注意と抑制における分散神経系の役割を強調し,ADHDにおける特定の皮質の変化を示している.

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