爆発的な火山は,マグマの断片化の必然的な結果ではないかもしれません
Helge M Gonnermann1, Michael Manga
1Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. hmg@seismo.berkeley.edu
Nature
|December 4, 2003
まとめ
爆発的な噴火の鍵となるマグマの断片化も,爆発的でない形で起こる可能性があります. このプロセスはマグマの脱ガス化を促進し,激しい火山噴火を防ぐ可能性があり,爆発的な火山活動に関する伝統的な見解に異議を唱えます.
科学分野:
- 火山学 火山学とは
- 地質物理学 地質物理学とは地質物理学です.
- マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
背景:
- 爆発的な火山噴火は,ガス泡の膨張と粘性ストレスによるマグマの断片化によって特徴付けられます.
- 爆発性噴火と噴出性噴火の間の移行ダイナミクスは,類似したマグマの揮発性含有量にもかかわらず,まだ十分に理解されていません.
- エフフシブ・ラバは爆発的な噴火によるものよりも,かなり多くのガスを排出します.
研究 の 目的:
- 火山噴火の様式を支配する断片化メカニズムを調査する.
- 噴出噴火と爆発噴火の間の移行におけるマグマの脱ガス化の役割を調査する.
- マグマの断片化が必然的に爆発的な火山活動につながるという従来の見解に異議を唱えるため.
主な方法:
- 泡の成長とマグマの流れ中の粘着性のストレスの分析.
- 火山管壁の近くの断片化プロセスのモデリング.
- 断続的な浸透性破裂ネットワーク生成の観測.
主要な成果:
- 粘性切断断片化は,噴出性および爆発性噴火シナリオの両方で発生します.
- 導管壁の近くでの非爆発的断片化は,浸透性のある断裂ネットワークを生成することができます.
- この断片化メカニズムは,マグマの脱ガス化における重要な要因として提案されています.
結論:
- 粘性切断によるマグマの断片化は,爆発的な噴火につながることなく起こる可能性があります.
- 非爆発的な断片化は,登山中のマグマの脱ガス化に重要な役割を果たします.
- 発見は,爆発的な火山活動がマグマの断片化の避けられない結果ではないことを示唆しています.
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