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Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling
10:59

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling

Published on: May 19, 2014

翻訳開始時にカップリングされた折りたたみ.

Tatyana V Pestova1, Christopher U T Hellen

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.

Cell
|December 17, 2003
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ユカリオット発芽因子4E (eIF4E) とeIF4Gのタンパク質が折り合って,安定した複合体を作ります. この複合体は,メッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) のキャップ結合を強化し,効率的なタンパク質合成の開始を促進します.

さらに関連する動画

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
10:37

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

Published on: May 10, 2018

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
08:23

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

Published on: February 18, 2022

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling
10:59

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling

Published on: May 19, 2014

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
10:37

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

Published on: May 10, 2018

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
08:23

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

Published on: February 18, 2022

科学分野:

  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 構造生物学 構造生物学とは
  • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー

背景:

  • 翻訳開始は,様々なタンパク質因子によって調節される遺伝子発現の重要なステップです.
  • ユカリオット初期化因子4E (eIF4E) は,メッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) の5'キャップを結合する中心的な役割を果たします.
  • eIF4Eの相互作用の構造的基盤を理解することは,翻訳規制の解読に不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • eIF4EとeIF4Gの相互作用の構造的基盤を解明する.
  • この複雑な形成がmRNAキャップ結合と翻訳開始にどのように影響するかを理解する.
  • 複合的な安定性と機能における結合折り畳みの役割を調査する.

主な方法:

  • eIF4E-eIF4G-m(7) GDP複合体の構造を決定するためのX線結晶学.
  • カップ結合活性を測定するための生化学的測定法.
  • 翻訳開始への影響を評価するためのインビトロ翻訳アッセイ.

主要な成果:

  • この研究は,eIF4Gとm(7) GDPの同類ドメインに結合したエウカリオスのイニシアーション因子eIF4Eの高解像度構造を明らかにしています.
  • eIF4EとeIF4Gドメインのカップリングされた折り畳みの証拠が観察され,安定した複合体につながりました.
  • 形成された複合体は,mRNAへの効率的なリボソーム結合に不可欠な高キャップ結合活性を示しています.

結論:

  • eIF4EとeIF4Gの結合折り合いは,高いキャップ結合親和性を持つ安定した複合体を形成するために不可欠です.
  • この安定した複合体は,mRNAへの効率的なリボソームの負荷を促進することによって,翻訳開始の重要な調節因子である.
  • この発見は,遺伝子発現の調節の基本的メカニズムに関する構造的な洞察を提供します.