間接的なエアロゾール効果による放射線強制の変化の観測的証拠
Joyce E Penner1, Xiquan Dong, Yang Chen
1Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, USA. penner@umich.edu
Nature
|January 16, 2004
まとめ
人為的なエアロゾールは,間接的なエアロゾール効果として知られる現象である雲の反射性を高めることによって,気候に著しく影響を与えます. この研究は,エアロソルが放射性フローを大幅に変化させ,地球のエネルギーバランスに影響を与えるという観察的証拠を提供します.
科学分野:
- 大気科学 大気科学
- 気候科学 気候科学
- エアロゾール科学は,
背景:
- 人為的なエアロゾールは,雲の反射性を影響し,冷却効果 (間接的なエアロゾール効果) を引き起こします.
- エアロゾール濃度と放射線強制の変化を結びつける直接的な観察的証拠は困難でした.
- エアロゾールと雲の相互作用を理解することは,正確な気候モデリングに不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 放射性流体に対する間接的なエアロゾール効果の観察的証拠を提供する.
- 雲の光学特性に対するエアロゾールの影響を定量化するために.
- エアロゾールによって引き起こされる変化が表面放射に及ぼす影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 汚染された場所 (オクラホマ州) とクリーンな場所 (北極アラスカ州) のエアロゾールと雲の性質を比較する.
- 観測された短波下向き表面放射から雲の光学深さを決定する.
- 観測されたエアロゾールの性質に基づいてクラウドパーセルモデルを使用して,雲の光学的な深さをシミュレートします.
主要な成果:
- シミュレートされた間接的なエアロゾール効果と観測された表面放射線との間に強い一致が見られた.
- 観測データは,エアロゾールによる放射性フローの実質的な変化を確認した.
- 雲の光学特性は,エアロゾール濃度によって著しく影響を受けた.
結論:
- 間接的なエアロゾール効果は,放射性フローに大きく影響を与えます.
- エアロゾールと雲の相互作用は,地球の放射的強制力において重要な役割を果たします.
- この研究は,気候科学における間接的なエアロゾール効果の観測的根拠を強化する.
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