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What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
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Genetic Screens02:46

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
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Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

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Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
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ロボット科学者による機能的ゲノム仮説の生成と実験.

Ross D King1, Kenneth E Whelan, Ffion M Jones

  • 1Department of Computer Science, University of Wales, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, UK.

Nature
|January 16, 2004
PubMed
まとめ

この研究は,仮説を生成し,実験を設計し,結果を分析することによって科学的発見を自動化するAI駆動ロボットシステムを導入します. このシステムは,酵母における遺伝子機能を効率的に決定し,人間の性能とランダムな選択を上回る.

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科学分野:

  • 科学研究における人工知能
  • 実験室におけるロボット自動化
  • コンピューター生物学とゲノミクス

背景:

  • 科学におけるデータ生成の増加は,人間の分析能力を上回っています.
  • 科学的プロセスの自動化は,理論的にも実践的にも大きな課題です.
  • 効率的なデータ分析の必要性は,実験設計におけるイノベーションを推進しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 自動科学実験のための物理的にロボット化されたシステムを開発し,実装する.
  • 仮説生成,実験設計,結果解釈のための人工知能 (AI) 技術を適用する.
  • 酵母消去変異体を使用して遺伝子機能を決定するシステムのパフォーマンスを評価するために.

主な方法:

  • 実験サイクルのためのAIを統合した物理的に実装されたロボットシステム.
  • 自動化された仮説の起源,実験の設計,実行,およびデータ解釈.
  • イースト (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) のデレーション変異体とオックストロフィック成長実験に適用される.

主要な成果:

  • システムは,仮説のテストと精錬のサイクルを成功裏に実行しました.
  • インテリジェントな実験選択戦略により,人間の専門家に対して競争力のあるパフォーマンスを示した.
  • 自動化されたシステムは,ランダムな実験の選択よりも,3倍のコスト削減と100倍の改善を達成しました.

結論:

  • AIとロボットを使った自動科学実験は実現可能で効果的です.
  • 開発されたシステムは,科学的発見の効率と費用対効果を大幅に高めています.
  • このアプローチは,データ密集型科学分野における研究を加速させるのに有望である.