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複数のエボラウイルス感染事件と,中央アフリカ野生動物の急速な減少
Eric M Leroy1, Pierre Rouquet, Pierre Formenty
1Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UR034, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon. Eric.Leroy@ird.fr
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 17, 2004
まとめ
最近,ガボンとコンゴでのエボラ出血熱の発生は,感染した動物の死体の取り扱いに関連しています. 動物の死滅の監視は,将来のヒトエボラ流行を予測し,予防するのに役立ちます.
科学分野:
- * 流行病学について
- * ウイルス病の生態学
- *動物性感染症の監視
背景:
- * エボラウイルス病 (EVD) のヒトおよび動物の複数の発生は,ガボンとコンゴ共和国で4年以内に発生しました.
- *ヒトにおけるエボラウイルス感染症の流行は,ゴリラ,チンパンジー,ダイカーの死体との接触に関連していた.
- *ヒトのエボラウイルス感染症の発生時に,猿の個体数が大幅に減少することが観察され,エボラウイルス感染を示唆している.
研究 の 目的:
- * 中央アフリカで最近発生したエボラウイルスの起源と伝播ダイナミクスを調査する.
- *ヒトにおけるエボラウイルス感染症の発生源としての動物集団の役割を調査する.
- * 将来のエボラウイルス感染症の発生を予測し,予防するための動物死亡率の監視の可能性を評価する.
主な方法:
- *ガボンとコンゴ共和国のヒトおよび動物のエボラウイルス感染症の発生データ分析.
- *ヒトおよび動物の症例で特定されたウイルス株の検査.
- *ヒトにおけるエボラウイルス感染症の流行と,特定の動物の死体の取り扱いの相関.
- * 動物集団の健康状態と死亡率の監視.
主要な成果:
- *ヒトでのエボラウイルス感染症の流行は,エボラウイルスの異なる株によって引き起こされる複数の同時流行を伴う.
- *各エピデミックは,単一の動物の死体 (ゴリラ,チンパンジー,またはダイカー) の独特の取り扱いにたどり着きました.
- * エボラウイルスの菌株は,死体から発見され,天然の貯水池の宿主から複数回導入されたことを示した.
- *ヒトでのエボラウイルス感染症の流行の間,動物集団は著しく減少した.
結論:
- *エボラウイルスの流行は,未知の自然宿主からの繰り返し導入による可能性が高い.
- * 感染した動物の死体の取り扱いは,ヒトでのエボラウイルス感染症の流行の主な要因です.
- * 動物の死亡率の監視は,ヒトのエボラウイルス感染症の発生を早期発見し,予防するための実行可能な戦略です.
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