クォーツ岩の摩擦は,滑り速度が地震速度に近づくにつれてゼロに近づく
Giulio Di Toro1, David L Goldsby, Terry E Tullis
1Dipartimento di Geologia, Paleontologia e Geofisica, Universita' di Padova, Padova, 35137, Italy.
Nature
|January 30, 2004
まとめ
科学者たちは地震中の断層滑り抵抗性を研究した. クォーツ岩は,高い滑り速度で摩擦が劇的に減少することを示し,地震発生時に主要な断層が弱い理由を説明する可能性がある.
科学分野:
- 地震の力学 地震の力学
- 地質物理学 地質物理学とは地質物理学です.
- 岩石摩擦による摩擦
背景:
- 地震の力学を理解するには,故障滑り抵抗を知ることが必要です.
- 低コセイズミック摩擦抵抗は,主要な断層の弱い強さを説明するかもしれない.
- 最近の研究室でのシミュレーションでは,地震に関連する滑り率で岩石の摩擦を調査しました.
研究 の 目的:
- 石英岩の摩擦特性を地震滑り速度で調査するために.
- 断層の滑り速度と摩擦抵抗の関係を見極めるために.
- 地震中の主要な断層の観測された低い強さを説明するために.
主な方法:
- 制御された条件下での故障スリップの実験室シミュレーション.
- クォーツ岩の摩擦抵抗を様々な滑り速度で測定する (3 mm s ((-1)) まで).
- シリカゲルの形成を含む断層表面の特徴の分析.
主要な成果:
- 摩擦抵抗の異常で漸進的な低下は,滑り速度が1mms{-1}以上増加すると観察されました.
- 摩擦抵抗は,約1m s ((-1)) の地震滑り速度でほぼゼロに推計された.
- 観測された摩擦の減少は,断層表面に薄いシリカゲル層が形成されたことによるものである.
結論:
- この研究は,地震中の大きな断層の強度が低いことの潜在的な説明を提供している.
- この発見は,地震力学における滑り依存摩擦の重要な役割を強調している.
- 断層表面のシリカゲル形成は,コセイズミック・スリップ・レジスタンスを大幅に低下させる可能性があります.
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