種特有の呼び声は,猿の極の非対称な活動を誘発する
Amy Poremba1, Megan Malloy, Richard C Saunders
1Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. amy-poremba@uiowa.edu
Nature
|January 30, 2004
まとめ
類人猿の発声は,人間の言語と同様に,左半球の聴覚系によって優先的に処理されます. この脳アシンメトリは,上側側頭葉回で観察され,種特有の呼び出しのための特殊な神経処理を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 比較心理学とは比較心理学である.
- プライマートのコミュニケーション
背景:
- 類人猿の声の呼び声は,生存と社会的な相互作用にとって極めて重要です.
- 証拠によると,猿は人間と同様に,発声処理の左半球の優位性を示しています.
- この機能的非対称性を理解することは,聴覚処理の進化を理解するための鍵です.
研究 の 目的:
- 猿の発声処理のための左半球の専門化に基づく神経活動パターンを調査する.
- 種特有の呼び出しの聴覚処理が猿の半球不対称性を示すかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- [14C]2-デオキシグルコース (2-DG) 自動放射線撮影を用いて,サルにおける局所的な脳代謝活動を測定した.
- 類人猿は,種固有の発声やその他の音のクラスを受動的に聴いていた.
- 半球間の代謝活動と,異なる音響条件における代謝活動の比較.
主要な成果:
- 他の音と比べると,猿の呼び声に対する反応として,左上側側側頭葉,特に側頭葉極で,より大きな代謝活動が見られた.
- この左側活動は前頭脳コンシューロトミーを受けた動物では存在しないため,半球間相互作用が重要なことを示している.
- 半球の非対称性は,種特有の発声の処理に特異的であった.
結論:
- 猿の発声の知覚は,同時進行する半球間相互作用を誘発する.
- 音声の聴覚処理は,猿の左半球の特化した領域に集中しています.
- この発見は,霊長類の声のコミュニケーションにおける人間の言語処理の進化的前駆者の仮説を支持する.
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