関連する実験動画
Updated: May 13, 2026
08:04
Assembling Molecular Shuttles Powered by Reversibly Attached Kinesins
Published on: January 26, 2019
逆行するミオシンモーターの分子工学
Georgios Tsiavaliaris1, Setsuko Fujita-Becker, Dietmar J Manstein
1Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, OE 4350, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30623 Hannover, Germany.
Nature
|February 7, 2004
まとめ
研究者らは,前向きに動くモータードメインをダイレクショナル・インバーターと人工のレバーアームと組み合わせて,新しい後ろ向きに動くミオシンを設計した. これは,ミオシンの動きの方向が,レバーアームを180度回転させることで逆転できることを示しています.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
- 構造生物学 構造生物学とは
背景:
- ミオシンは,アクチン繊維に沿って力および運動を生成する運動タンパク質です.
- ミオシンの動きの方向は,典型的には前方 (刺さった端) または後方 (尖った端) です.
- レバーアームは,方向運動を駆動するために,モータードメインの形状の変化を拡大します.
研究 の 目的:
- 人工のミオシンを設計し,後方に動けるようにする.
- ミオシン方向性の決定におけるレバーアームの役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 3つの分子成分を用いた合成ミオシン構造を設計する.
- 前進するミオシンクラスIモータードメインを利用する.
- 方向インバーター (ヒトガニラート結合タンパク質-1セグメント) と人工レバーアーム (アルファ-アクティニンの繰り返し) を組み込む.
主要な成果:
- 機能する人工ミオシンを成功裏に作りました.
- エンジニアリングされたミオシンがアクチン繊維に沿って後方に移動することを実証しました.
- レバーアームの180度回転がミオシンの方向性を逆転させることを確認しました.
結論:
- ミオシンの方向性は,レバーアームの方向性を変更することによって設計することができます.
- この研究は,逆方向のミオシンを作るための新しい方法を提供します.
- この発見は,ミオシンベースの運動性の基本的メカニズムについての洞察を提供します.
関連する概念動画
01:58Mechanical Protein Functions
Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force.
01:43The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles
In eukaryotic cells, cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
01:30ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps
V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
01:18Role of Myosin in Cell Migration
Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
Myosin II is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction. It is...
Myosin II is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction. It is...
01:05Mechanism of Ciliary Motion
The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
01:05Mechanism of Ciliary Motion
The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...