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関連する概念動画

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome are...

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A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses
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進化的遺伝学:CCR5変異とペストによる保護

Joan Mecsas1, Greg Franklin, William A Kuziel

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5402, USA.

Nature
|February 13, 2004
PubMed
まとめ

CCR5欠乏症は,風邪病の予防に役立たない可能性があります. 研究者は,正常なマウスとCCR5欠乏したマウスをYersinia pestisに感染させ,結果の違いを見出せず,突然変異がこの致命的な細菌に対する保護を提供しないことを示唆しました.

科学分野:

  • 免疫学 免疫学とは
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
  • 感染症 感染症は感染症です.
  • 進化医学とは,進化医学である.

背景:

  • 北欧の個体群における広範囲にわたるCCR5 (キモカイン受容体5型) 変異が,風邪病の原因となるバクテリアであるYersinia pestisに対する保護を与える可能性があると推測されている.
  • 中世におけるペスト伝染病の歴史的な影響は,宿主-病原体相互作用と潜在的な遺伝的耐性因子の理解が公衆衛生に及ぼす重大な影響を強調しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • CCR5欠乏がYersinia pestis感染に対する感受性および耐性における役割を調査する.
  • CCR5変異の提案された防護効果を実験的に試験し,風邪の疫病に対する予防効果を試験する.

主な方法:

  • 機能的なCCR5受容体を持たない遺伝子組み換えマウスのYersinia pestis感染.
  • CCR5欠乏マウスと正常マウス (野生型) のバクテリア生長運動と生存率の比較.
  • マウリンのモデルを用いて,ブボン病に関連するYersinia pestisの感染をシミュレートする.

主要な成果:

  • CCR5欠乏したマウスと正常なマウスの間で,Yersinia pestisの細菌の成長において,有意な違いは観察されなかった.

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  • Yersinia pestis感染後の生存時間は,両方の実験グループ (正常対CCR5欠乏マウス) で比較可能でした.
  • CCR5欠乏症は,研究されたモデルにおける細菌の致死効果に対して,目に見える利点や保護を与えなかった.

    • 結論:

    • この発見は,CCR5欠乏がヒトにおける疫に対する保護因子である可能性が低いことを示唆している.
    • この研究では,CCR5変異とペスト耐性との間の提案された関連が,マウスとヒトの間でYersinia pestisの病原性が大幅に異なる場合を除き,有効ではない可能性があることが示されています.
    • イエルシニア・ペスティスに対するヒトの耐性に影響を与える他の潜在的な遺伝的または環境的要因を探るためのさらなる研究は正当化されています.