サイトプラズマのダイネインは,負荷に応じてギアとして機能します
Roop Mallik1, Brian C Carter, Stephanie A Lex
1Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA.
Nature
|February 13, 2004
まとめ
サイトプラズマ型ダイネインモーターは,分子ギアメカニズムを示し,負荷とATPの可用性に基づいてステップサイズと力生成を調整します. これは,細胞ナノマシンとその機能に関する新しい洞察を明らかにします.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- バイオフィジックス 生物物理学
- 分子モーターは分子モーターです.
背景:
- キネシンやダイネインのような細胞骨格モーターは,マイクロチューブルに沿って細胞の荷物を運ぶ.
- これらの分子モーターは,ATPの水解を利用して,力を発生させ,ステップ型の動きをします.
- ダイネインは,他のモーターファミリーとは異なるユニークな構造を有しており,その力発生機構を研究の中心分野にしています.
研究 の 目的:
- シングル・サイトプラズミック・ダイネイン・モーターの力発生機構を調査する.
- ダイネインが,異なる負荷下での運動と力生成をどのように適応させるかを理解する.
- ダイネインのステップサイズと力発生におけるATPの役割を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- ポリシュチレンビーズの動きを正確に測定するために,光学トラップを使用しました.
- 制御された負荷条件下でマイクロチューブルに沿った単一のサイトプラズマダイネインモーターの動きを定量化しました.
主要な成果:
- ダイネインモーターは,負荷なしの状態で24nmと32nmのステップを混合した.
- 適用された負荷下では,ダイネインモーターはステップサイズを8 nmに減らし,最大1.1 pNの力を発生させた.
- ステップサイズの減少と力の増加との間には直接的な相関が観察され,分子ギアメカニズムが示唆されました.
結論:
- サイトプラズミックダイネインは,分子ギアメカニズムで動作し,負荷下でより小さく,より強力なステップにダウンシフトします.
- "ギアシフト"する能力はATPの可用性に依存し,負荷誘発によるATP結合が潜在的にこれを媒介する.
- ダイネインの負荷依存力の生成を理解することは,細胞ナノマシンと細胞内輸送に関する重要な洞察を提供します.
関連する概念動画
Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins
11.2K
Eukaryotic cells have different motor proteins for transporting various cargo within the cell. These motor proteins differ based on the filament they associate with, the direction they move within the cell, and the type of cargo they transport. Motor proteins that associate with microtubules are known as microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are two families of microtubule-associated motor proteins —Kinesins and Dyneins. Both these proteins assist in the transport of cellular...
11.2K
The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles
6.9K
In eukaryotic cells, cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
6.9K
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion
5.5K
The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
5.5K
Anaphase A and B
5.6K
Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
Plus-end depolymerization releases tubulin heterodimers from the terminal region of the microtubule. As tubulin subunits are lost, the Ndc80 complexes detach...
Plus-end depolymerization releases tubulin heterodimers from the terminal region of the microtubule. As tubulin subunits are lost, the Ndc80 complexes detach...
5.6K
Microtubules in Cell Motility
4.9K
Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
4.9K
Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments
6.3K
The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic structure performing varied functions based on cellular requirements. The adaptability of the individual filaments in the cytoskeleton determines their ability to perform various functions within the cell. It can undergo rapid reorganization during processes like cell division or remain stable for several hours as in the interphase. The adaptability of these filaments depends on stringent regulatory mechanisms. The microfilament and microtubules of the...
6.3K


