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Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
Pumped Concrete01:13

Pumped Concrete

Concrete in large quantities can be pumped across long distances for placing in inaccessible sites. This system comprises a hopper that receives concrete from a mixer, a pump to propel the concrete, and pipelines that facilitate its delivery.
For direct-acting pumps, the concrete enters the pump via the inlet valve under the action of gravity and suction created by the movement of the piston. This concrete is then forced into the pipeline and out through the outlet valve by the forward movement...
Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Plane Surface01:04

Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Plane Surface

When a plane surface is submerged in a fluid, hydrostatic forces develop on the surface due to the fluid's pressure. For horizontal surfaces, the pressure exerted by the fluid is uniform because the depth remains constant. The resultant force is determined by the pressure at the given depth multiplied by the area of the surface, and it acts through the centroid of the surface. For vertical surfaces, the pressure varies with depth, increasing as the distance from the fluid's free surface...
Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Curved Surface01:04

Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Curved Surface

Hydrostatic pressure on curved surfaces is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics with broad applications in the civil engineering field. When fluid is in contact with a curved surface, as in a reservoir, dam, or storage tank, it exerts pressure that varies in magnitude and direction along the curved surface. To assess the total hydrostatic force exerted by the fluid on a curved structure, engineers typically isolate the fluid volume adjacent to the surface and analyze the forces acting on...
Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving01:09

Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving

Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
Temperature is a key factor in CO2 solubility. In this case, the CO2 gas and the liquid are cooled to 20°C. Lower temperatures enhance...
Deep Sea Microbial Ecology01:18

Deep Sea Microbial Ecology

The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches extending beyond...

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography
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Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography

Published on: February 21, 2017

深海における高圧CO2源によって引き起こされる余震.

Stephen A Miller1, Cristiano Collettini, Lauro Chiaraluce

  • 1Institute of Geophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), 8093 Zürich, Switzerland. steve.miller@erdw.ethz.ch

Nature
|February 20, 2004
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

1997年のイタリアでの地震の連続は,深層の二酸化炭素 (CO2) 流体の圧力パルスによって引き起こされた. メインショックの時に放出されたこのパルスは,何千もの余震を引き起こし,従来の地震モデルに挑戦しました.

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Pore-scale Imaging and Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoir Rock Wettability at Subsurface Conditions Using X-ray Microtomography
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Pore-scale Imaging and Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoir Rock Wettability at Subsurface Conditions Using X-ray Microtomography

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Microfluidic Fabrication Techniques for High-Pressure Testing of Microscale Supercritical CO2 Foam Transport in Fractured Unconventional Reservoirs
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Microfluidic Fabrication Techniques for High-Pressure Testing of Microscale Supercritical CO2 Foam Transport in Fractured Unconventional Reservoirs

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

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10:18

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Pore-scale Imaging and Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoir Rock Wettability at Subsurface Conditions Using X-ray Microtomography
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Pore-scale Imaging and Characterization of Hydrocarbon Reservoir Rock Wettability at Subsurface Conditions Using X-ray Microtomography

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Microfluidic Fabrication Techniques for High-Pressure Testing of Microscale Supercritical CO2 Foam Transport in Fractured Unconventional Reservoirs
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科学分野:

  • 地質物理学 地質物理学とは地質物理学です.
  • 地震学 地震学とは
  • テクトニクス (地質学) とは

背景:

  • 1997年イタリア北部で発生した地震の連続は,2つのメインストーク (M5.7,M6) と数千の余震を含み,地震学的なパズルを提示した.
  • 伝統的な弾性ストレス伝達モデルは,観察された正常な断層の配列,特に恒久的な吊り壁の地震性を十分に説明できませんでした.

研究 の 目的:

  • 1997年イタリア北部の地震の連続を駆動する代替メカニズムを調査する.
  • 地震の余震発生における流体圧力パルスの役割を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 余震の正確な下心地の位置を分析する.
  • 流体圧力伝播を追跡するために非線形拡散のモデリング.
  • 流体の圧力パルス振幅と,弾性モデルのストレス変化の比較.

主要な成果:

  • 2週間にわたる高圧流体フロントと余震ヒポセンターの間で強い相関が見られました.
  • 特定された流体圧力パルス (10-20 MPa) は,弾性モデルからの典型的なストレス変化 (0.1-0.2 MPa) を大幅に上回った.
  • 流体の圧力パルスは,深層で高圧の二酸化炭素 (CO2) のコセイズミック放出から発生した.

結論:

  • 1997年の地震の連動は, CO2 の深層から放出された液体の圧力パルスによって引き起こされた可能性が高い.
  • 閉じ込められた高圧流体の共地震的放出は,損傷したゾーンで余震を引き起こす可能性があります.
  • このメカニズムは,地震,余震,地殻/マントルの脱ガス化,大規模な流体流動を結びつけています.