アマゾンの上空に煙を放つ雨雲が浮かびました
M O Andreae1, D Rosenfeld, P Artaxo
1Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Post Office Box 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. andreae@mpch-mainz.mpg.de
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 28, 2004
まとめ
アマゾンの森林火災の煙は降雨を遅らせ,より強い嵐を引き起こし,大気循環を変化させます. これは,汚染物質をより高い高地に輸送することによって,水循環と気候に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 大気科学 大気科学
- クラウド物理学 クラウド物理
- 気候科学 気候科学
背景:
- 森林火災,特にアマゾンでは,大気中に相当量の煙を放出します.
- 煙からの大気中のエアロゾールは,雲の形成と降水過程に影響を与える可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- アマゾンの森林火災による濃い煙が雲の性質と降雨の発生に及ぼす影響を調査する.
- 煙が,上流の活性化と汚染物質の輸送を含む,雲の動態にどのように影響するかを理解する.
主な方法:
- 煙濃度に関連した雲の水滴の大きさと降雨の発展の観察分析.
- 水と煙の輸送を上層大気層まで追跡する.
- 増加した降雨の発生が嵐の強度や雲の上部動態に及ぼす影響の評価.
主要な成果:
- 濃い煙は雲の水滴の大きさを減らし,汚染された雲や火災雲の降雨開始を原始の雲と比較して大幅に遅らせました.
- 低水準の雨漏りと洗浄の抑制により,水と煙の上向き輸送が容易になりました.
- 降水開始が遅れたため,上流が強化され,激しい雷雨が発生し,雲が平流圏に突入する可能性が高まった.
結論:
- アマゾンの煙は,雲の微物理と降水に大きく影響し,降雨の遅延と嵐の強さを高めます.
- 汚染物質と水蒸気が平流層に運ばれると,重大な放射性影響があり,気候システムに影響を与えます.
- これらのプロセスは,大気循環パターンと地球規模の水循環を変化させ,大気の汚染負担を増加させます.
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