元ウガンダの児童兵のトラウマ後ストレス

Ilse Derluyn¹, Eric Broekaert, Gilberte Schuyten

¹Department of Orthopedagogics, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Gent, Belgium. Ilse.Derluyn@UGent.be

Lancet (London, England)

|March 20, 2004

まとめ

ウガンダの児童兵士は重度のトラウマに耐えており,97%が臨床的に有意なトラウマ後ストレス反応を経験しています. 両親の喪失,特に母親の喪失は,特に女の子の回避症状を悪化させた.

科学分野:

精神科医は精神病を患っている.
児童心理学児童心理学について
グローバル・ヘルスグローバル・ヘルス

背景:

児童兵は世界的な問題であり,世界中で推定30万人の子どもたちが武力紛争に巻き込まれている.
ウガンダ北部の抵抗軍 (The Lord's Resistance Army) は,子供たちを兵士として使用するために拉致する歴史がある.

研究の目的:

ロード・レジスタンス・アーミーによって誘拐された元児童兵士が経験したトラウマの性質と範囲を調査する.
この集団におけるトラウマ後ストレス反応の有病率を評価する.
トラウマ症状に対する親の喪失の影響を探求するため.

主な方法:

Lord's Resistance Armyによって誘拐された301人の元子ども兵士のインタビューが行われました.
収集されたデータには,誘拐の期間,誘拐時の年齢,経験したトラウマ的な出来事の種類が含まれています.
トラウマ後のストレスを評価するために,イベントスケールのインパクトを修正したものを71人の子供に投与しました.

主要な成果:

元児童兵は平均6回のトラウマを経験し,77%が殺害を目撃し,39%が殺害を強いられた.
評価された71人の子供の97%が,臨床的に有意なトラウマ後のストレス反応を報告した.
親の死亡,特に母親の死亡は,回避症状 (p=0.04) を著しく増加させ,女の子に顕著な影響を及ぼしました (p=0.02).

結論:

ロード・レジスタンス・アーミーの元児童兵士は,重度のトラウマとトラウマ後ストレス反応の非常に高い割合を示しています.
親の喪失は,特に元児童兵士の女性において,回避症状を発症させる重要な危険因子である.
これらの発見は,児童兵の深い心理的影響と,標的を絞った介入の必要性を強調しています.

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