1930年代のダストボウルの原因について
Siegfried D Schubert1, Max J Suarez, Philip J Pegion
1Earth Sciences Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA. schubert@gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov
まとめ
1930年代の米国におけるダストボウルの干ばつが,主に異常な熱帯海面温度によって引き起こされた. 陸地と大気間の相互作用が,この深刻で広範な干ばつ現象を悪化させた.
科学分野:
- 気候学 気候学
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 大気科学 大気科学
背景:
- 1930年代は,アメリカ史上最も深刻な干ばつの1つを目撃し,広大な地域に影響を与え,悪名高い砂嵐を引き起こしました.
- この時期は,しばしばダストボウルと呼ばれ,南のグレートプレーン,メキシコ,カナダに大きな影響を与えた.
研究 の 目的:
- 1930年代の北米の干ばつの主な原因を調査する.
- 熱帯海面温度と陸地と大気間の相互作用が,干ばつの重度における役割を分析する.
- 1930年代の干ばつと20世紀の他の北米の干ばつを比較するために.
主な方法:
- 干ばつ状態をシミュレートするために気候モデリングを利用しました.
- 1930年代の異常な熱帯海面温度データを分析した.
- 干ばつ期間の大気と地表の相互作用を調査した.
主要な成果:
- モデルの結果は,1930年代の干ばつの主な原因として異常な熱帯海面温度を示しています.
- 大気と地表の相互作用は,干ばつの深刻さを大幅に増幅しました.
- 1930年代の干ばつと20世紀の他の北米の干ばつを比較すると,明確な違いが観察されました.
結論:
- 熱帯海面の温度は,1930年代の米国における干ばつを引き起こした重要な要因でした.
- 陸地-大気フィードバックは干ばつを悪化させ,その壊滅的な影響を増大させた.
- 1930年代の干ばつが,深刻な長期の干ばつ現象を理解するための重要なケーススタディとして機能します.
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