自然に得られたプラズモディウム感染の大きな焦点は,ヒトにおける感染である
Balbir Singh1, Lee Kim Sung, Asmad Matusop
1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. bsingh@fmhs.unimas.my
Lancet (London, England)
|March 31, 2004
まとめ
顕微鏡検査は,マレーシア・ボルネオのマラリア症例の半分以上をプラズモジア・マラリアで誤って特定した;分子検査は,これらは実際にはプラズモジア・ノウレシの感染であることを明らかにした. これは,マラリアの伝染と闘うために正確な診断方法が必要であることを強調しています.
科学分野:
- 医学寄生虫学 医学寄生虫学
- 分子診断は分子診断です.
- 感染症 感染症は感染症です.
背景:
- 顕微鏡検査は,マラリア症例の約20%を,マレーシア・ボルネオのプラズモジア・マラリア (Plasmodium malariae) と誤って識別した.
- これらの非典型のプラズモディウムマラリア感染は,ネストされたPCRアッセイで確認できず,さらなる調査を促した.
研究 の 目的:
- 非典型のプラズモディウムマラリア感染が,変異株または新しいプラズモディウム種によるものであるかどうかを調査する.
- 分子方法を用いて,Kapit区におけるマラリアの病原体を正確に特定する.
主な方法:
- マラリア患者208人の血液サンプルを2000年から2002年の間に採取した.
- 小型のサブユニットであるリボソームRNAと環胞子タンパク質遺伝子の配列は,8つの単離物に対して配列化されました.
- プラズモディウムノウレシに特異的なプライマーを使用したネストPCRアッセイが特徴付けに使用されました.
主要な成果:
- DNAの配列解析により,同種がマカクの寄生虫であるPlasmodium knowlesiと遺伝学的に区別できないことが明らかになった.
- PCRにより,マラリア症例の58%でプラズモディウムノウレシが確認され,プラズモディウムマラリアeは検出されなかった.
- 人間の赤血球におけるプラズモディウムノウレレシは,形態学的にプラズモディウムマラリアに類似しており,誤診に至った.
結論:
- 誤ってPlasmodium malariaeと診断された自然に得られたPlasmodium knowlesiの感染は,研究されたマラリア症例の半分以上を占めました.
- Plasmodium knowlesiの正確な識別には,Plasmodium malariaeとの形態学的類似性があるため,分子方法が必要です.
- この地域におけるヒトのプラズモジアノウレシ感染の起源を確かめるために,さらなる研究が必要である.
関連する概念動画
00:58Symbiosis
Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
01:27Diversity of Protists II
Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
01:30Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
01:29Malaria
Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
01:28Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
01:28Amebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...