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診断用X線による癌のリスク:英国と他の14カ国の推定値
Amy Berrington de González1, Sarah Darby
1Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK. amy.berrington@cancer.org.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|April 9, 2004
まとめ
診断用X線は,がんリスクのわずかな割合に寄与する. 英国では,診断用X線が75歳までに累積的な癌リスクの約0.6%を占め,年間約700例に相当します.
科学分野:
- メディカルイマージング (医学イメージング)
- 放射線腫瘍学 放射線腫瘍学
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- 診断用X線は,世界的に放射能被曝の主要な人工源である.
- 診断用X線は有益ですが,癌の発症のリスクは小さいものの,認識されています.
- この研究は,X線診断の手順に関連する癌リスクを定量化しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 英国におけるX線診断による癌リスクを推定する.
- このリスクを他の14の先進国のリスクと比較してみると,
- 診断用放射線被曝による公衆衛生上の影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 診断用X線周波数と臓器特有の用量に関する統合データ.
- 原子爆弾の生存者研究から派生したリスクモデルを利用した.
- 人口におけるがん発生率と死亡率を比較したライフテーブルの適用方法.
主要な成果:
- イギリスでは,診断用X線は,75歳までに累積的ながんリスクの0.6%と関連しており,年間約700例です.
- 他の13の先進国における癌のリスクは,0.6%から1.8%の範囲にある.
- 日本では,年間被曝頻度が高いため,3%を超えて最も高いリスクを示した.
結論:
- 診断用X線から得られた癌リスクの詳細な推定値が提供されています.
- 計算における仮定による固有の不確実性を認識します.
- 過大評価は可能ですが,実質的な過小評価はありそうにないことを示唆しています.
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