ビタミンDが転倒に及ぼす影響:メタ分析
Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari1, Bess Dawson-Hughes, Walter C Willett
1Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass 02120, USA. hbischof@hsph.harvard.edu
JAMA
|April 29, 2004
まとめ
ビタミンDサプリメントは,高齢者の転倒リスクを20%以上大幅に低減します. この発見は,ビタミンDが高齢者の転倒予防に有効であることを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- ゲロントロジーはゲロントロジーの学科です.
- 栄養科学とは,栄養科学である.
- 予防医学は,予防的な医療です.
背景:
- 落下は高齢者にとって一般的で深刻な問題であり,年齢とともに増加しています.
- 高齢者の転倒におけるビタミンDの予防的役割については,さらなる説明が必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 高齢者集団における転倒の予防におけるビタミンDの有効性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 総合的なデータベース検索 (MEDLINE,Cochrane,EMBASE) を通じて特定されたダブルブラインドランダム化対照試験 (RCT) の体系的レビューとメタ解析.
- 含有基準は,高齢者 (平均年齢60歳以上),低トラウマの転落,および定義された転落確認方法に焦点を当てた.
- 5つのRCT (1237人の参加者) がプライマリ分析に含まれ,さらに5つの研究 (10,001人の参加者) が感度分析に含まれました.
主要な成果:
- ビタミンDサプリメントは,プラセボまたはカルシウムと比較して22% (OR,0.78;95%CI,0.64-0.92) 減少する確率を低下させた.
- 治療に必要な人数 (NNT) は15人であり,1人の転倒を防ぐために15人がビタミンD治療を必要としていることを示しています.
- 感度分析では,有意な効果が確認された (RR,0.87;95%CI,0.80-0.96),サブグループ分析では,異なるビタミンDタイプとカルシウムサプリメントの一貫性が示された.
結論:
- ビタミンDのサプリメントは,健康状態が安定した, ambulatory と制度化された高齢者の場合,落ちるリスクを20%以上効果的に軽減します.
- 最適なビタミンDの種類,用量,およびカルシウムの役割,特に男性における役割を調べるためにさらなる研究が推奨されています.
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