地球と火星の核形成中に酸素の分割
David C Rubie1, Christine K Gessmann, Daniel J Frost
1Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95444 Bayreuth, Germany. dave.rubie@uni-bayreuth.de
Nature
|May 7, 2004
まとめ
地球と火星の核形成は,液体鉄の温度に依存する酸素溶解性により異なっていた. 地球の温度が高くなると,より多くの酸化鉄 (FeO) が抽出され,火星はより豊かなマントルを残した.
科学分野:
- 惑星科学 惑星科学
- 地質化学 地質化学
- 地球科学 地球科学 地球科学
背景:
- 陸上の惑星の核形成には,金属・シリケート分離があり,おそらくマグマの海にある.
- 既存のモデルは,地球と火星のマントルの構成の違い,特に酸化鉄 (FeO) の含有量と核質量分子を完全に説明できません.
研究 の 目的:
- 地球の観測された差異を説明するために (約. 8重%のFeO) と火星 (約. 18重%のFeO) マントルの組成.
- 地球と比較して火星の核の質量分子が小さいことを説明するために.
主な方法:
- 地球と火星の深いマグマの海で核形成プロセスを調査した.
- 液体鉄合金における酸素の温度依存溶解性に基づくモデルを適用した.
主要な成果:
- 温度上昇は液体鉄の酸素溶解性を高め,シリケートマグマからFeOの抽出を促進します.
- 地球のより熱いマグマ海洋 (深さ1,200×2,000 km) は,かなりの量のFeOを抽出し,その結果,FeOが少ないマントルが形成されました.
- 火星のより冷たいマグマ海洋はFeOの抽出が最小限であったため,特徴的なFeO豊富なマントルが形成された.
結論:
- 液体鉄の温度に依存する酸素溶解性は,惑星の核形成とマントルの組成を制御する重要な要因です.
- 地球のマグマ海洋から採取されたFeOは,最も下層のマントルの化学的異質性とコアの軽い元素の予算に影響を与えた可能性があります.
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