人間の染色体9のDNA配列と分析
S J Humphray1, K Oliver, A R Hunt
1The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK. sjh@sanger.ac.uk
Nature
|May 28, 2004
まとめ
染色体9は,ヒト人口の有意な割合で,大きなヘテロクロマチンブロックと周心的逆転を含む,重要な構造的変化を示しています. この詳細な配列解析は,遺伝子の重複を明らかにし,様々な病気に関連した遺伝子を特定します.
科学分野:
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- 人間の遺伝学 人間の遺伝学
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
背景:
- 染色体9は構造的多形性を有する.
- ヒトの6~8%に変異がある最大の自己相性ヘテロクロマチンブロックを宿している.
- 周心逆転は,人口の1%以上に影響します.
研究 の 目的:
- 染色体9の完成したユークロマティック配列を提供するために.
- 遺伝子と擬似遺伝子を識別し,注釈する.
- 構造的変動とその影響を分析する.
主な方法:
- ハイ・スループット・シーケンシングとアセンブリ.
- 遺伝子アノテーションと重複検出のためのバイオ情報分析.
- 比較ゲノミクス 比較ゲノミクス
主要な成果:
- 染色体9 (109,044,351塩基対) のユークロマティック配列は>99.6%完成しています.
- 1,149の遺伝子と426の擬似遺伝子が注釈され,性転換,がん,神経変性疾患に関連する遺伝子も含まれていた.
- セグメンタル複製を含む多数の染色体内および染色体間複製が特定されました.
結論:
- 染色体9の配列は,遺伝子研究のための包括的なリソースを提供します.
- 染色体9の構造的変異と遺伝子の重複は,人間の健康と進化に重大な影響を及ぼします.
- 特定された遺伝子と変異は,病気や進化過程についての洞察を提供します.
関連する概念動画
Chromosome Structure
26.6K
A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
26.6K
Chromosome Structure
6.3K
No description available
6.3K
Chromosome Replication
10.8K
Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins. This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
10.8K
Polytene Chromosomes
11.0K
Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
11.0K
Lampbrush Chromosomes
8.7K
In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
8.7K
Cis-regulatory Sequences
11.9K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
11.9K


