慢性疾患の世界的負担:予防と制御の障害を克服する
Derek Yach1, Corinna Hawkes, C Linn Gould
1World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. yachd@who.int
JAMA
|June 3, 2004
まとめ
慢性疾患は,世界中で何百万もの死者を引き起こす原因です. 調整された政策アプローチ,よりよいエビデンス,そして健康システムの変化は,この増大する世界的な健康危機と闘うために極めて重要です.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 保健政策 保健政策 保健政策
背景:
- 慢性疾患は,世界の死亡率の主な原因であり,2002年に2900万人の死者を出した.
- 慢性病に対する世界的な対応は,慢性病の重大な疫学的および経済的影響にもかかわらず,依然として不十分です.
- 慢性疾患に関する不十分な財政的支援と誤解は,特に発展途上国では,予防と治療を妨げています.
研究 の 目的:
- 慢性疾患の世界的な負担に対処するための主要な障害を特定する.
- 慢性疾患を世界保健議題に掲げるための政策レバーを提案する.
- 慢性疾患の制御のための根拠に基づいた戦略と保健システム改革を提唱する.
主な方法:
- 世界的な慢性疾患の負担と対応の分析.
- 政策関連の障壁と利害関係者の役割の特定.
- 戦略的政策介入の提案.
主要な成果:
- 証拠の欠如,誤解,急性ケアに対する医療制度の取向は,進歩を妨げています.
- 開発途上国の財政的制約は,予防,治療,研究のための能力を制限しています.
- 3つの政策レバーが特定されています:アジェンダを高めること,より良い証拠を提供すること,そして保健システム変革を促進すること.
結論:
- 協調的,戦略的,多部門的政策アプローチは,世界的な慢性疾患の発生率の負の傾向を逆転させるために不可欠です.
- 最新の証拠へのアクセスの改善は,意思決定者にとって極めて重要です.
- 医療システムは,慢性疾患の増大する課題に効果的に対処するために適応する必要があります.
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