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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Sediment Core Extrusion Method at Millimeter Resolution Using a Calibrated, Threaded-rod
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Sediment Core Extrusion Method at Millimeter Resolution Using a Calibrated, Threaded-rod

Published on: August 17, 2016

海水における硫黄同位体の変動は,白亜紀の

Adina Paytan1, Miriam Kastner, Douglas Campbell

  • 1Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305-2115, USA. apaytan@pangea.stanford.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 12, 2004
PubMed
まとめ

クレタケウスの硫黄循環は,おそらく火山活動による,より軽い硫黄の同位体を示しています. 硫黄イソトープの変化は,有機炭素埋蔵と大気中の酸素濃度の変化を示唆しています.

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Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Precipitation of Ions

Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary cation—the calcium...
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Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water

Pure water is a weak electrolyte; only a small amount ionizes into hydrogen and hydroxide ions. At any given temperature, the concentration of undissociated water is almost constant, so the ionic product of water is the product of the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations, denoted as Kw. The square root of Kw gives the individual ion concentrations.
The ionic product of water varies with temperature, and its value is 1.0 x 10−14 at standard experimental conditions. Per Le Chatelier's...
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Effect of Sea Water on Concrete

Concrete exposed to seawater can undergo degradation like the dissolution of ettringite and gypsum, increasing the material's porosity and decreasing its strength. In contrast, the crystallization of salts within the concrete's pores can cause expansion, particularly above the waterline where evaporation occurs. Nonetheless, this expansion only happens when seawater, enabled by the concrete's permeability, manages to infiltrate the structure.
Concrete in areas between tide marks, which undergo...