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Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR activation may...
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Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
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Types of Membrane Protrusions

The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most  widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
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Real-time Imaging of Axonal Transport of Quantum Dot-labeled BDNF in Primary Neurons
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急速なBDNF誘発の逆行シナプス変異が,発達中の網膜内膜系に起因する.

Jiu-Lin Du1, Mu-Ming Poo

  • 1Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Nature
|June 25, 2004
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

急速な逆行シナプス変異は,Xenopusの成長中のレチノテクタル系において観察された. 脳由来神経栄養因子 (BDNF) は,TrkB受容体経由で網膜のギャングリア細胞 (RGCs) に変化を誘導し,シナプス可塑性を高めました.

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科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • シナプスの可塑性
  • 発達生物学 発達生物学とは

背景:

  • ヒポキャンパスのニューロンにおける長期のシナプス増強/低下は,アクソン端末からデンドライトへの逆行シグナル伝達を含みます.
  • 健全な発達系における逆行シグナル伝達の理解は,神経回路の形成を理解するために極めて重要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 発達中のXenopus laevisの網膜系統における急速な逆行シナプス変異の存在とメカニズムを調査する.
  • この逆行シグナル伝達に関与する分子プレーヤーと細胞過程を決定する.

主な方法:

  • 脳由来神経栄養因子 (BDNF) をXenopus laevisの光学構造に局所的に適用する.
  • 光に誘発された刺激性シナプス電流と網膜のギャングリア細胞 (RGC) のスパイク活動に関する電気生理学的記録.
  • TrkB受容体活性化,フォスフォリファースCガマ活性,および細胞内カルシウム上昇の薬理学的抑制.

主要な成果:

  • BDNFの投与は,網膜膜シナプスの持続的な増強を誘発した.
  • この増強は,RGCデンドライトのシナプス入力に急速な変化をもたらし,シナプス電流とスパイキング活動を強化しました.
  • 逆行効果は,TrkB受容体活性化,フォスフォリファーゼCガマ活性,およびRGCにおけるCa2+上昇に依存していた.
  • このメカニズムは,RGCデンドライトのポストシナプスAMPA亜型グルタミン酸受容体の選択的な増加を伴う.

結論:

  • 急速な逆行シナプス変異は,Xenopusの成長中の網膜系統で起こります.
  • このプロセスは,TrkB受容体を通じたBDNFシグナル伝達によって媒介され,RGCsにおけるフォスフォリファーゼCgammaとCa2+が関与します.
  • 逆行情報フローは,神経ネットワークの学習アルゴリズムに類似して,軸索端末の信号に基づいてシナプス入力を迅速に調節することを可能にします.