火山噴火後の生物学的効果のある紫外線の増幅
A M Vogelmann1, T P Ackerman, R P Turco
1Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
Nature
|September 3, 1992
まとめ
大規模な火山噴火はオゾン層を枯渇させるが,表面紫外線への影響は複雑である. 研究によると,オゾン層の減少は,エアロゾールの散布を上回ることで,生物学的効果のある紫外線 (UV-BE) を増加させることが示されています.
科学分野:
- 大気科学 大気科学
- 環境科学 環境科学
- オゾン層の研究 オゾン層の研究
背景:
- 大規模な火山噴火は,エアロソルを平流層に注入する.
- ストラトスフィアのエアロゾールは大気化学に影響を与え,異質な反応によってオゾン破壊につながる可能性があります.
- 表面紫外線 (UV) 放射線に対する火山噴霧の純効果は,オゾン層の減少と光の散乱の競合する要因のために複雑です.
研究 の 目的:
- エル・チション (1982) とピナトゥボ山 (1991) から噴出した火山エアロゾールの地球表面での生物学的効果のある紫外線 (UV-BE) への影響を定量化するために.
- 大規模な火山噴火後の地表UV-BEの変化に,オゾン層の劣化または光の散乱の増加が支配的かどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 大気条件と放射線の移転をシミュレートするために,放射性移転モデルを使用しました.
- 地球表面における生物学的効果のある紫外線 (UV-BE) の推定変化.
- エル・チコンとピナトゥボ山の火山噴火のデータを分析した.
主要な成果:
- エル・チションとピナトゥボ山の噴火は,表面のUV-BE強度の増加につながった.
- UV-BEの増加は,エアロゾールによって引き起こされる分散の増加よりも,オゾン層の破壊効果がより顕著であることに起因した.
- モデルのシミュレーションにより,地表に到達する生物学的有害なUV放射線の純増加が確認されました.
結論:
- ストラトスフィアへの火山性エアロゾールの注射は,地表での生物学的効果のある紫外線放射の純増加につながる可能性があります.
- オゾン層の減少は,大火山噴火後の地表UV-BEの増加を促す重要な要因であり,エアロゾールの分散効果を上回ります.
- これらの複雑な相互作用を理解することは,火山活動の環境および生物学的影響を評価するために不可欠です.
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